Medical radiation exposure of the U.S. population has not been systematically evaluated for almost 25 y. In 1982, the per capita dose was estimated to be 0.54 mSv and the collective dose 124,000 person-Sv. The preliminary estimates of the NCRP Scientific Committee 6-2 medical subgroup are that, in 2006, the per capita dose from medical exposure (not including dental or radiotherapy) had increas...

Radon (222Rn) and its decay products are the major sources of natural radiation exposure to general population. The activity concentrations of unattached and attached short-lived 222Rn and thoron (220Rn) progeny in indoor environment of some dwellings of the Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts of Punjab had been calculated using the deposition-based progeny sensors (DRPS/DTPS) and wire-mesh-capp...

iran is one of several countries that has regions of high dose natural ionizing radiation. two wellknown villages in the suburb of ramsar town in the caspian sea strip, taleshmahaleh and chaparsar, have background radiation that is 13 times higher than normal. this radiation is the result of radium 226 and radon gas both of which are highly water soluble. while people living in these regions do...

We study the effects of negative spatial curvature on the statistics of inhomogeneities in open cosmological models. In particular we examine the suppression of large-separation correlations in density and gravitational potential fluctuations and the resulting suppression of large-angle correlations in the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation. We obtain an expression which gives the...

We present an in depth discussion of the production of gravitational waves from an inflationary phase that could have occurred in the early universe, giving derivations for the resulting spectrum and energy density. We also consider the large-scale anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation coming from these waves. Assuming that the observed quadrupole anisotropy comes mostly from ...

The bounds on neutrino masses and mixing that follows from the data on light element abundances, large scale structure formation, and angular fluctuations of cosmic microwave background radiation are analyzed. The role of neutrino oscillations in BBN and the bounds on cosmological lepton asymmetry are discussed.

If dark matter consists of cold, neutral particles with a nonzero magnetic moment, then, in the presence of an external magnetic field, a measurable gyromagnetic Faraday effect becomes possible. This enables direct constraints on the nature and distribution of such dark matter through detailed measurements of the polarization and temperature of the cosmic-microwave background radiation.

Introduction In this study, effective dose equivalent for the public due to internal exposure to 222 radon ( 222 Rn) was evaluated in three regions of Ramsar, a northern coastal city in Iran. Materials and Methods Measurements were carried out using a radon monitoring device. Outdoor and indoor radon concentrations were measured within 24 hours with an integration interval of 3 hours. Regions w...

Inflation, as currently understood, requires the presence of fields with very flat potentials. Supersymmetric models in which supersymmetry breaking is communicated by supergravity naturally yield such fields, but the scales are typically not suitable for obtaining both sufficient inflation and a suitable fluctuation spectrum. In the context of recent ideas about gauge mediation, there are new ...

Cosmic structures at large scales represent the earliest and most extended form of matter condensation. In this lecture we review the application of the methods and concepts of modern statistical physics to these structures. This leads to a new perspective in the field which can be tested by the many new data which are appearing in the near future. In particular, galaxy structures show fractal ...