The molecular origin of the photoluminescence of carbon dots (CDs) is not known. This restricts the design of CDs with desired optical properties. We have synthesized CDs starting from carbohydrates by employing a simple synthesis method. We were able to demonstrate that the CDs are composed of aggregated hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derivatives. The optical properties of these CDs are quite uni...

The paper applies MEKC technique to simultaneously carry out quantitative analysis on dairy product’s melamine (Mel) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) bi-component. The quantization analytic experiment starts with a systematic research on operating voltage, electrophoretic buffer solution gravity and optimum pH value, which further influences additives’ concentration as well as other factors, ...

Based on its rich chemistry and broadly available raw material sources, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has become one of the most promising platform compounds for chemicals and biofuels from renewable biomass, and its production has drawn much attention in recent years. However, it is currently still facing significant technical challenges to make it economically feasible in an industrial scale. U...

Accumulating data have indicated that citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) have the ability to affect brain function. In the present study, we showed that 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxy- flavone (HMF) given intraperitoneally to mice was immediately detected in the brain and that the permeability of the brain tissues to it was significantly higher than that of other citrus PMFs (nobiletin, tangeretin...

Introduction 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), as diformylfurane precursor (DFF), is obtained from fructose or glucose dehydration. DFF is a versatile chemical, and there are numerous reports describing various applications as a monomer, as starting materials for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and antifungal agents [1]. To date, few reports describe the use of air to oxidize (HMF) with het...

We propose a generalized framework for the study of voter models in complex networks at the heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) level that (i) yields a unified picture for existing copy/invasion processes and (ii) allows for the introduction of further heterogeneity through degree-selectivity rules. In the context of the HMF approximation, our model is capable of providing straightforward estimates ...

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), as one of the top ten important platform chemicals, can be used to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF), levulinic acid, and other chemicals. An environmentally friendly system for synthesis sulfonated carbon materials from discarded masks has been proposed. A series mask-based solid catalysts (bMC-SO3H) were prepared by a simple two...

The selective transformation of hexose and pentose sugars to intermediate platform chemicals, such as furans, is an essential step in the conversion of cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass to biofuels and biochemicals. Yet, many challenges in achieving commercially viable processes remain. In this feature article, we outline challenges that need to be overcome to enable these transformations. ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Development of a method to continuously assess cerebrovascular autoregulation of patients with traumatic brain injury would facilitate therapeutic intervention and thus reduce secondary complications. METHODS Changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), and pial arteriolar diameter (PAD) induced by acute pre...

The diamagnetic levitation as a novel ground-based model for simulating a reduced gravity environment has recently been applied in life science research. In this study a specially designed superconducting magnet with a large gradient high magnetic field (LG-HMF), which can provide three apparent gravity levels (μ-g, 1-g, and 2-g), was used to simulate a space-like gravity environment. Osteocyte...