this study was intended to evaluate the quality of 30 honey samples, in terms of physicochemical properties such as moisture content, electrical conductivity, ash content, reducing sugars and sucrose, free acidity, ph, diastase activity, and hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) content. moreover, three methods recommended by the international honey commission for the determination of hmf, including 1) h...

In many countries, baby cereals are the first solid food given to 3-4-month-old babies after weaning and to infants aged 6-12 months. Various simple technologies are traditionally used in the processing of cereals, including toasting, hydrolysis, and drying. In this study color and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) assays have been used to evaluate heat effects induced during the manufacture of these...

The insoluble 'high-molecular-weight' fraction (HMF) centrifugally separable after digestion of soy protein isolate with a microbial protease of the exo-type, of which about a quarter is regarded as an indigestible 'resistant protein,' was examined for its preventive effect against colonic tumorigenesis in a model system with male F-344 rats. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with azoxym...

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a platform chemical that can be produced from renewable carbohydrate sources. HMF can be converted to 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BTO) which after catalytic hydrodeoxygenation provides a route to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. This mixture, known as KA oil, is an important feedstock for polymeric products such as nylons which use benzene as feedstock that is obtained f...

We previously compared infant outcomes between a powdered human milk fortifier (P-HMF) vs. acidified liquid HMF (AL-HMF). A non-acidified liquid HMF (NAL-HMF) is now commercially available. The purpose of this study is to compare growth and outcomes of premature infants receiving P-HMF, AL-HMF or NAL-HMF. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review compared infant ou...

OBJECTIVES 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) regularly occurs in foods and in alcoholic beverages. However, the risk of HMF associated with alcohol consumption has not been systematically studied, so that this study will provide the first quantitative risk assessment of HMF for consumers of alcoholic beverages. METHODS Human dietary intake of HMF via alcoholic beverages in the European Union was ...

A number of ionic liquids have been shown to be excellent solvents for lignocellulosic biomass processing, and some of these are particularly effective in the production of the versatile chemical building block 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this study, the production of HMF from the simple sugar glucose in ionic liquid media is discussed. Several aspects of the selective catalytic formation...

Conversion of carbohydrate into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5- HMF), a versatile, key renewable platform compound is regarded as an important transformation in biomass-derived carbohydrate chemistry. A variety of ILs, not only acidic but also alkaline ILs, were synthesized and used as catalyst in the production of 5-HMF from disaccharide. Several factors including reaction temperature, IL dosage, ...

Direct dehydration of fructose and glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF) was studied using ionic liquids (ILs) without adding any catalysts. Various ILs were screened, and the highest 5-HMF yield of 95.6% was obtained using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([BMIM][TSO]) at 353 K for 30 min. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectra confirmed that the sulfonate hydrolysates of an...

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive resource for producing transportation fuels, and consequently novel approaches are being sought for transforming the lignin and cellulosic constituents of biomass to fuels or fuel additives. Glucose, the monomer of cellulose, is a good starting material for exploring such chemistries. We report here the results of an investigation aimed at identifying ca...