Abstract Introduction Penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) management is largely supportive, with no clinically established regenerative therapies. Neurocompatible biomaterials offer a high potential to promote mechanisms but facile, throughput, pathomimetic in vitro pTBI models for the developmental testing of neuro-materials lacking. Method A mouse mixed glial culture system was utilised...

Introduction. Few published studies have examined the role of glia-neuron interactions in neurodegen-eration. In this regard, search for new experimental models is important. L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AA), being a structural analogue glutamate with selective toxic effect on astroglia, particular interest. However, morphological and neurochemical changes caused by L-AA still remain unclear. Th...

one of the main problems following road accidents is brain injury after which death and disability in the most active population occurs. considering the fact that there is no definite clinical treatment for repair of damaged brain tissue, the present study examined the effects of autologous adult neural stem/progenitor cells (ns/pcs) seeded in a nanoscaffold named puramatrix in acute brain inju...

(1) Background: the aim of this work was to study microglia and autophagy alterations in a one retinitis pigmentosa (RP) model at different stages disease (when rods are dying later, when there almost no rods, cones cells that die. (2) Methods: rd1 mice were used retinas obtained postnatal days (PN) 11, 17, 28, 35, 42. Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) protein selected microglia...

Twenty-four adult molly fish (Poecilia sphenops, Valenciennes 1846) were collected to study the morphology and distribution of ganglia using histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy focusing on their relation immune cells. The classified spatially into cranial spinal, functionally sensory autonomic. Spinal (dorsal root ganglia, DRG) contained large close ganglionic cells, enclosed...

Abstract Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have an overall survival of 15 months. These catastrophic rates are correlated systematic relapses that might arise from remaining stem cells (GSCs) left behind after treatments. Our goal was identifying whether radioresistance GBM is caused by GSCs and how hypoxia TAMs affect this process. First, we established a glioblastoma-brain cortical organoid (G...

Background Neuroinflammation, described by chronic glial reactivation lead to gradual neurodegeneration during pathological aging, contributing disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cholinergic cell loss in the basal forebrain (BF) including medial septum (MS) is associated with AD; however underlying mechanism still unknown. Hence, this study investigated effects of aging and neuroinflammat...

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of glial tumors. GBM microenvironment contains various cell types showing characteristics of activated or dimorphic macrophages/microglia. Some of these cells provide significant help for tumor growth, while others are able to inhibit tumor progression. Microglia play a major role in brain function by monitoring tissue for patho...

A disproportionate increase in activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has been shown to drive the Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence, selective targeting of p65 represents an attractive therapeutic approach for AD. Glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a NF-κB interactant that binds sequesters cytoplasm. The binding domain GILZ ado...