Background                                               Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common, yet curable childhood malignancy within the pediatric cancers; but in most developed and developing countries cost of cancer treatment in children with ALL is high. So, we specified the range of expenses for the treatment of pediatric cancer and compared the results in devel...

Most research into Autism Spectrum Disorders has been conducted in affluent English-speaking countries which have extensive professional support services. This paper describes a series of investigations that was undertaken in Iran, and these findings, together with reviews of research in other low-income countries, are used to identify key lessons in three areas of service provision of particul...

E-government aims to offer services the country’s' communities both in public or private sectors by using the ICT tools to reduce the cost and times by eradication of manifestations of routines and bureaucracy. All countries around the world are seeking to implement and diffuse egovernment services, especially the developing countries, and to do that they have to overcome a range of factors tha...

This article mainly seeks to provide a framework to help us reach a better understanding of the nature, causes and grounds of increasing administrative corruption in developing countries. In this regard, the author identifies six approaches to administrative corruption and surveys issues related to the rise of corruption within these context. These approaches include cost-benefit, relative depr...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is a major cardiovascular challenge due to its close association with increased morbidity and mortality. Although the incidence and prevalence of AF is slightly lower in developing countries than in developed countries, the AF-associated risk of stroke is similar. Treatment of AF is far from satisfactory in developing countries, which m...

specific labor organizations and leftist parties. Yet he emphasized the need to move beyond mobilizing around local, firm-specific, “economic” concerns to create “a political movement that is to say, a movement of the class, with the object of enforcing its interests in a general form, in a form possessing general, socially coercive force” (Tucker 1978:520). Marx fully appreciated that formal o...

Community water supply programmes in developing countries frequently utilise wells or boreholes equipped with handpumps as the technology of choice. Whilst simple targets concerning numbers of wells to be drilled, or villages to be served, are often prominent, the wider objectives of such programmes are rarely expressed in quantified terms, and as a consequence programme impact is often disappo...