In pigs, the efficiency of embryo production after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is still low because of frequent failure of normal fertilization, which involves formation of two polar bodies and two pronuclei. To clarify the reasons for this, we hypothesized that ICSI does not properly trigger sperm-induced fertilization events, especially intracellular Ca2+ signaling, also known as ...

Bovine and ovine embryos exposed to a variety of unusual environments prior to the blastocyst stage have resulted in the development of unusually large offspring which can also exhibit a number of organ defects. In these animals, the increased incidence of difficult parturition and of fetal and neonatal losses has limited the large-scale use of in vitro embryo production technologies commonly u...

There is still much to be studied and learned in the use of assisted reproductive technologies to maximize reproductive potential in genetically valuable animals (BEAL et al., 1992). Now that repeatable oocyte retrieval methods are being fine-tuned, it is likely these procedures will become routinely used to obtain oocytes for further gamete and embryo research and also by seedstock producers f...

Traditional methods of gamete handling, fertilization, and embryo culture often face limitations in efficiency, consistency, the ability to closely mimic vivo conditions. This review explores opportunities presented by microfluidic 3D systems overcoming these challenges enhancing vitro production. We discuss basic principles microfluidics, emphasizing their inherent advantages such as precise c...

BACKGROUND: All-trans retinol is a biological antioxidantscavenging the ROS in the cell culture. OBJECTIVES: This studywas conducted to investigate the effect of all-trans retinol infertilization and culture medium on mouse embryo's developmentalcompetence. METHODS: This study was designed into twoexperiments. In the first experiment, in vitro mature oocytes wereco-cultured with sperm in fertil...

In vitro maturation and fertilization of cattle oocytes and subsequent in vitro culture of zygotes and embryos is discussed in the context of recent encouraging data. Mass production of embryos produced in this way in the future will have a great impact on animal production and animal breeding plans, for example the so-called MO-ET (multiple ovulation and embryo transfer) plan which aims at est...

Different livestock sectors as beef industries get benefit from the production of male animals while dairy industries get benefit from the milk production by the female animals. Therefore, it is obvious need to produce the animals of desired sex which can be achieved by predetermining the sex of conceptus at the time of conception i.e. pre determination of sex may be of great economic importanc...