In the last 10-20 years, new biotechnologies have been developed that are on the verge of revolutionizing reproductive processes in humans and animals. In agriculture, modern techniques in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are being used for the introduction, improvement, and preservation of livestock genetics and the enhancement of animal reproductive efficiency. Modern embryology and ART...

Background: While assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are considered to be safe, many concerns exist about the safety of these techniques. Two important and indispensable parts of these techniques are in vitro culture and vitrification. While much progress has been made in developing culture conditions, it remains suboptimal. In order to investigate the effect of culture medium on in vitro ...

The development of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) in the horse has been slow compared with that in other large domestic animals. Besides artificial insemination and embryo transfer, other technologies based on in vivo and in vitro procedures of embryo production (IVP) have appeared, but the success rates of equine IVP are still far from allowing their use in routine protocols. Intracy...

Bovine follicular oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized in vitro using epididymal spermatozoa from five different bulls and then cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro. The fertilization rate, based on one pair of pronuclei and presence of one sperm tail, ranged from 55.2 to 64.3%. Embryo development (cleavage to blastocyst stage) ranged from 21.4 to 31.0% of the cultured ova reaching 8 c...

Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy during one year of frequent, unprotected intercourse. Evaluation generally begins after 12 months, but it can be initiated earlier if infertility is suspected based on history or if the female partner is older than 35 years. Major causes of infertility include male factors, ovarian dysfunction, tubal disease, endometriosis, and uterine or c...

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate artificial insemination techniques on reproductive performance in Ghezel ewes synchronized with CIDR during breeding season. Methods: All ewes were treated with controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) inserted into the vagina of the ewes for 14 days. All ewes were treated a single intramuscular (IM) dose of PMSG was injected. In thi...