Seawalls are built for Protecting of beaches against waves and preventing the progression of water to the beach. For a proper understanding about these constructions, a suiTable information about applied loads on these constructions should be existed. One of the important load that applied on these constructions is sea wave. Others loads are included: weight force of the walls, weight force of ...

A new guidance scheme for the problem of Low-thrust transfer between inclined orbits is developed within the framework of optimal control theory. The objective of the guidance scheme is to provide the appropriate thrust steering program that will transfer the vehicle from an inclined low earth orbits to the high earth orbits. The presented guidance scheme is determined using Pontryagin’s princi...

Improving the FES-assisted indoor rowing exercise (FES-rowing) performance enables the spinal cord injury (SCI) people to perform hybrid FES-exercise in a higher level of intensity. High level of exercise volume and intensity can play a big role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity which is a significant threat to the health of people with chronic SCI. FES-rowing...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gibberellin stimulates negative gravitropism and the formation of tension wood in tilted Acacia mangium seedlings, while inhibitors of gibberellin synthesis strongly inhibit the return to vertical growth and suppress the formation of tension wood. To characterize the role of gibberellin in tension wood formation and gravitropism, this study investigated the role of gibberell...

The asymmetric unit in the title compound, C24H26N2O3, comprises two independent mol-ecules (A and B). In molecule A, the central 2-hydroxyphenyl ring is inclined to the mean plane of the major component of the imidazolidine ring by 84.52 (14)°, and by 68.08 (9) and 47.48 (9)° to the outer phenol rings. The later are inclined to one another by 66.76 (9)° and by 78.12 (14) and 80.20 (14)° to the...

An inclined air-curtain (IAC) fume hood was developed and characterized using the laser-assisted smoke flow visualization technique and tracer-gas (sulphur hexafluoride) concentration detection method. The IAC fume hood features four innovative design elements: (i) an elongated suction slot installed at the hood roof with an offset towards the rear wall, (ii) an elongated up-blowing planar jet ...

Peridynamics (PD) is a nonlocal continuum theory based on integro-differential equations without spatial derivatives. The elongation fracture criterion is implicitly incorporated in the PD theory, and fracture is a natural outcome of the simulation. On the other hand, a new fracture criterion based on the crack opening displacement combined with peridynamic (PD-COD) is proposed. When the relati...

The problem of how we perceive the shape of an object in space is complicated by the optical fact that to a particular retinal form there does not correspond a unique physical form but a whole set of possible physical forms. A given sheaf of light rays whose cross section is a particular form may be reflected from any surface whose margins coincide with the margins of the sheaf of rays; the sur...

In the fabrication of microstructures in SiO2 , etch selectivity of SiO2 to masking, etch stop, and underlayer materials need to be maintained at corners and inclined surfaces. The angular dependence of the SiO2-to-Si3N4 etch selectivity mechanism in a high density fluorocarbon plasma has been studied using V-groove structures. The SiO2 etch rate on 54.7° inclined surfaces is lower than on flat...