INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are idiopathic conditions that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, but also are associated with a variety of systemic or extra-intestinal manifestations. These extra-intestinal manifestations may implicate multiple organ systems. For some of these disorders there is evidence that the severity and duration of the inflammatory...

Abnormalities of serum immunoglobulin levels are frequently associated with such haematological disorders as primary aregenerative anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukaemia (Good et al., 1962). Recently, Hermans et al. (1966) reported a group of patients with nodular intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia and hypoy-globulinaemia. We have now seen thrombocytopenia, immun...

Short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) therapeutics show promise for the treatment of intestinal diseases by specifically suppressing the expression of disease relevant proteins. Recently, a class of lipid-like materials termed "lipidoids" have been shown to potently deliver siRNA to the liver and immune cells. Here, we seek to establish the utility of lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) in the c...

The intestinal mucus barrier prevents pathogen invasion and maintains host-microbiota homeostasis. We show that fatty acid synthase (FAS), an insulin-responsive enzyme essential for de novo lipogenesis, helps maintain the mucus barrier by regulating Mucin 2, the dominant mucin in the colon and a central component of mucus. Inducible Cre recombinase-directed inactivation of the FAS gene in the c...

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been found to be associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, and, in recent years, diabetes mellitus and systemic sclerosis, among other extraintestinal diseases. Several novel diagnostic tools for small have emerged several therapeutic approaches proposed. Therefore, it become necessar...

Background Increased prevalence of atopic disorders in children may be associated with changes in types of childhood infections, vaccination programmes, and intestinal microflora. People who follow an anthroposophic way of life use antibiotics restrictively, have few vaccinations, and their diet usually contains live lactobacilli, which may affect the intestinal microflora. We aimed to study th...

G astroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. It may be primary, due to anatomical or physiological abnormalities or secondary, due to conditions such as anxiety, intolerance to certain foods, metabolic disorders, and reactions to certain drugs. Other medical problems such as infection, intestinal obstruction, intestinal atresia, or...