a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Material transfer agreements Payment for ecosystem services Non-monetary payment Moral satisfaction Probit with endogenous regressors This paper uses econometric analysis for understanding the determinants that affect the payment mechanism in material transfer agreements (MTAs). These contracts regulate the exchange of peculiar ecosystem services (genetic and bio...

This study analyzes the effect of Exchange Rate and Dow Jones Industrial Average on Jakarta Composite Index during a downtrend due to COVID-19 pandemic. The impulse response function was used analyze permanent effects an exogenous shock variable one them. results prove significant exchange rate Index. same result showed that most weakening Rupiah, tends fall. Besides, harms In long run, given b...

The present study used transfer entropy and effective to examine the asymmetric information flow between exchange rates, oil, gold. dataset is composed of daily data covering period 1 January 2018 31 December 2021. Further, bifurcated for analysis before during COVID. bidirectional observed EUR/USD Oil whole unlike However, COVID, there was a unidirectional from Oil→EUR/USD. finds significant G...

Streptococcus pneumoniae and a number of commensal streptococcal species are competent for natural genetic transformation. The natural habitat of these bacteria is multispecies biofilms in the human oral cavity and nasopharynx. Studies investigating lateral transfer of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants among streptococci have shown that interspecies as well as intraspecies gene e...