let $s$ be an ordered semigroup. a fuzzy subset of $s$ is anarbitrary mapping   from $s$ into $[0,1]$, where $[0,1]$ is theusual interval of real numbers. in this paper,  the concept of fuzzygeneralized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup $s$ is introduced.regular ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy leftideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals.finally, two m...

Chain restaurants will soon need to disclose calorie information on menus, but research on the impact of calorie labels on food choices is mixed. This study tested whether calorie information presented in different formats influenced calories ordered and perceived restaurant healthfulness. Participants in an online survey were randomly assigned to a menu with either (1) no calorie labels (No Ca...

Contents 1. Introduction. 2. Heirs. 3. The invariance group of a cut. 4. Review of T-convex valuation rings. 5. The invariance valuation ring of a cut. 6. A method for producing cuts with prescribed signature. 7. Existentially closed extensions. 1. Introduction. Let M be a totally ordered set. A (Dedekind) cut p of M is a couple (p L , p R) of subsets p L , p R of M such that p L ∪ p R = M and ...

In this short note we want to characterize the groups isomorphic to full automorphism groups of ordered abelian groups. The result will follow from classical theorems on ordered groups adding an argument from proofs used to realize rings as endomorphism rings of abelian groups, see [2]. Recall that H is a right ordered group (RO-group) if (H, ·) is a group and (H,<) is a linear order satisfying...

We study a probabilistic one-dimensional majority-rule two-state cellular automaton and examine the stability of ordered magnetised states in systems of size L as the neighbourhood radius R varies. We find that a scaling R -J In L is suJficient for an ordered phase to be metastable, I-e-, to survive for times much longer than the typical critical fluctuation. The lattice magnetisat ion obeys a ...

Archimedean classes and convex subgroups play important roles in the study of ordered groups. In this paper, we show that ACA0 is equivalent to the existence of a set of representatives for the Archimedean classes of an ordered abelian group. Hahn’s Theorem is the strongest known tool for classifying orders on abelian groups. It states that every ordered abelian group can be embedded into produ...

For a partially ordered set P , we denote by Co(P ) the lattice of order-convex subsets of P . We find three new lattice identities, (S), (U), and (B), such that the following result holds: Theorem. Let L be a lattice. Then L embeds into some lattice of the form Co(P ) iff L satisfies (S), (U), and (B). Furthermore, if L has an embedding into some Co(P ), then it has such an embedding that pres...

The paper focuses on three problems of generalizing properties of concatenation structures (ordered structures with a monotonic operation) to ordered structures lacking any operation. (1) What is the natural generalization of the idea of Archimedeaness, of commensurability between large and small? (2) What is the natural generalization of the concept of a unit concatenation structure in which t...

We study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional quasiperiodic systems and its dispersion relation for plane waves and for waveguide structures. In the photonic band gaps, periodic, Fibonacci, and Thue-Morse multilayer systems can be described by a complex effective wave vector. Its negative imaginary part causes an exponential decay of the transmission coefficient due to a ...