We present a Theory of Contracts under costly enforcement in the context of a dynamic relationship between an uninformed buyer and a seller who is privately informed on his persistent cost at the outset. Public enforcement relies on remedies for breach. Private enforcement comes from severing relationships. We first characterize aggregate enforcement constraints ensuring that trading partners d...

abstract the theory of hardship is a situation in which the implementation of contractual obligation, as a result of unpredictable events that are out of control, becomes economically difficult and expensive without being physically impossible and distorts the balance of the contract. in such a situation, the hardship theory is applied to restore the balance of the contract. this matter has var...

Under the conditions of martial law, existing contractual activity in Ukraine was actually divided into: contracts concluded before beginning law and after its introduction.
 The peculiarity application force majeure for domestic business entities during is occurrence circumstances mainly both parties.
 Each type contract between parties, as a rule, contains provisions on actions part...

Objectives: The study aims to show the impact of Corona virus on contractual imbalance in lease contracts and ways treat it. Methods: researcher relied a descriptive, analytical deductive method his study. He employed descriptive approach clarify main terms study, which are: ijarah, virus, balance. also an addressing As for approach, it came devise address due contracts. Results: concluded numb...

An increasing trend of economic agents is to form productive associations such as networks, platforms, and other hybrids. Subsets of these agents contract with each other to further their network project and these contracts can create benefits for, or impose costs on, agentswho are not contract parties. Contract law regulates third party claims against contract parties with the third-party bene...

In this paper an approach to the study of relationship dissolution as a consequence of midrange network change is presented. The key idea is to explain two divergent views of the possibility for legal redress following dyadic relationship disengagement: long term relationship as implied contract, and contract-in-law. An empirical example of an exclusive customer-supplier relationship is present...

bailsman is commitment to summon party .this commitment on suspect of some, cause dominate on the third-party .for this reason, some have questioned the validity of contract, other groups have attempted to justify the validity of the contract with using of joint and several liability and advocacy. in sunni jurisprudence, the first tool used and in shiie, the second tool. but the truth is that t...