The ability to classify emotions from speech is beneficial in a number of domains, including the study of human relationships. However, manual classification of emotions from speech is time consuming. Current technology supports the automatic classification of emotions from speech, but these systems have some limitations. In particular, existing systems are trained with a given data set and can...

The Arabic Treebank team at the Linguistic Data Consortium has significantly revised and enhanced its annotation guidelines and procedure over the past year. Improvements were made to both the morphological and syntactic annotation guidelines, and annotators were trained in the new guidelines, focusing on areas of low inter-annotator agreement. The revised guidelines are now being applied in an...

We show that any q-query locally decodable code (LDC) gives a copy of `1 with small distortion in the Banach space of q-linear forms on `Np1×· · ·× ` N pq , provided 1/p1 + · · ·+1/pq ≤ 1 and where k, N , and the distortion are simple functions of the code parameters. We exhibit the copies of `1 by constructing a basis directly from “smooth” LDC decoders, thus bypassing a matching lemma often u...

This paper presents a theoretical model to describe the effects of default risk on international lending to LDC sovereign borrowers. The threat of defaults in international lending is shown to give rise to many characteristics of the syndicated loan market: (1) quantity rationing of loans; (2) LDC policies designed to enhance creditworthiness; (3) prevalence of short maturities on international...

A simple model is presented, which interpolates between the DGLAP and BFKL regimes in deep inelastic ep scattering. The model is based on the CCFM and LDC models, and it is simple enough to provide an intuitive picture of the transition region between the two domains. Results are presented for both fixed and running coupling; for fixed coupling the transition between the domains occurs at a con...

Abstract Ever since the publication of Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, there’s been a raging debate in philosophy language over whether meaning thought are, some sense, normative. Most participants normativity wars seem to agree that uses meaningful expressions are semantically correct while disagreeing this entails anything But what is it say use an expression correct? On ...

This paper investigates the stability analysis of fuzzy relational dynamic systems. A new approach is introduced and a set of sufficient conditions is derived which sustains the unique globally asymptotically stable equilibrium point in a first-order fuzzy relational dynamic system with sumproduct fuzzy composition. This approach is also investigated for other types of fuzzy relational composit...

This paper describes, within the context of the DARPA EARS program, the design and implementation of the Fisher protocol for collecting conversational telephone speech which has yielded more than 16,000 English conversations. It also discusses the Quick Transcription specification that allowed 2000 hours of Fisher audio to be transcribed in less than one year. Fisher data is already in use with...

Inter-annotator consistency is a concern for any corpus building effort relying on human annotation. Adjudication is as effective way to locate and correct discrepancies of various kinds. It can also be both difficult and time-consuming. This paper introduces Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC)’s model for decision point-based annotation and adjudication, and describes the annotation tools develop...