BACKGROUND Halothane is extensively (approximately 50%) metabolized in humans and undergoes both oxidative and reductive cytochrome P450-catalyzed hepatic biotransformation. Halothane is reduced under low oxygen tensions by CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 in human liver microsome to an unstable free radical, and then to the volatile metabolites chlorodifluoroethene (CDE) and chlorotrifluoroethane (CTE). The ...

background: this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of milk thistle seeds (mtss) in counteracting the toxic effects of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) in a contaminated diet fed to broilers.methods: two dietary inclusion rates of afb1 (0, 0.250 and 500 ppb) and mts (0, 0.5 and 1%) were tested in a 3×3 factorial manner. the effect of nine experimental treatments was assessed using 216 one-d-old r...

To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation diets in rainbow trout induced by LPS, we measured gene expressions relative to pro-inflammatory and apoptosis in kidney and liver. Fish, which that were studied by four different treatments with three replicates each, was 44.71±1.33 gr. All fish were infected with E. coli LPS (25 µg ml-1) expect control and only carvacrol containing diet ...

Precision-cut liver slice has been successfully used to study the mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, the prediction of liver toxicity, the discovery of early hepatic toxicity biomarker and the metabolism of drug in liver. We detected the expression of CYP3A4, CYP2B1 + CYP2B2 and CYP2E1 in precision-cut liver slice after co-cultured with monocrotaline or Tussilago farfara alkaloids to inv...

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) in the benthic fish Zosterisessor ophiocephalus collected in two differently polluted sites of the Venetian lagoon (Porto Marghera and Caroman). We compared our data on 8-OHdG with those of CYP1A (Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), which is a well known biomarker for detoxificatio...

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on the function and histology of the liver, kidney and bursa of broiler chickens fed OTA contaminated rations. Two hundred forty one-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were used, they were randomly divided into 3 dietary experimental groups of 80 birds and given rations containing 0 (control), 400 or 800 μg OTA/Kg feed. T...

Cartilaginous fish species have ecological importance. Besides, the ecotoxicological studies on these are pretty insufficient. In this study, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Sr levels were determined in muscle, liver, gill, kidney, spleen, stomach, gonad tissues of Alopias superciliosus (Female, 240 cm TL) caught from Mersin Bay. Tissue metal analysis was by Inductively Coupled Plasma M...

congenital hepatic fibrosis (chf) is a rare disease that affects both the liver and kidneys.  congenital hepatic fibrosis (chf) is an autosomal recessive inherited malformation defined pathologically by a variable degree of periportal fibrosis and irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts. affected individuals also have impaired renal function, usually caused, in children and teenagers, by an...