The problems of sphere theorems in Riemannian geometry have yielded the beautiful results and the fruitful techniques for the study of global geometry (cf. [22]). The main purpose of this paper is to study sphere theorems for CAT(1)-spaces: When are CAT(1)-spaces homeomorphic to the sphere? The notion of CAT(κ)-spaces is introduced by Gromov ([11]) based on Alexandrov’s original notion, i.e., s...

Red blood cell (RBC) velocity and vessel lumen diameter were mea sured in individual microvessels of both normal (mature granulation) and neoplastic (VX2 carcinoma) tissues grown in a transparent ear chamber prior to and following glucose and galactose injections (6 g/kg i.v.) in anesthetized rabbits. RBC velocity was measured using the dual-slit photometric technique and the diameter of the ve...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether allogeneic red blood cell transfusions showed a deleterious effect and what might be preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion in patients with TNM stage II colon cancer. Total 470 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected for a further 10-year follow-up study. We found that there were statistical significance between non...

To test whether extracellular adenosine participates in the local regulation of intestinal blood flow during nutrient absorption, the serosa of the jejunum was continuously suffused with adenosine deaminase (7 micrograms protein/ml) or theophylline (10(-4) M) in Ringer's solution. Using video microscopy, blood flow was calculated in submucosal arterioles from diameter and red cell velocity meas...

To evaluate the population variation, individual plasticity, and local adaptability of Solidago canadensis in response to shade treatment, we conducted a common pots experiment with a total of 150 ramets (5 genets, 15 populations, and 2 treatments) subjected to both control (natural light) and shady treatment (10% of natural light). Shade treatment significantly reduced growth and content of de...

The paper deals with mesh-connected massively-parallel systems affected by failures. The complexity of a local diagnostic procedure, based on new deenitions of the local k-diagnosability and the r-fault-tolerance, is analysed. It depends on distances between individual fault clusters and on fault cluster diameters. In particular cases the minimum distance between fault clusters can be enlarged ...

The two main characteristics of small-world networks are strong local clustering, and small diameter. These two characteristics are desirable properties in communication networks since typical communication patterns show large amounts of local communication and a small amount of non-local communication that must be completed quickly. In this paper, we study variants of broadcasting that resembl...