Although uterine leiomyomas constitute the commonest benign tumour in women, the regulation of their growth is poorly understood. It is believed that angiogenesis, the process by which new capillaries develop from pre-existing blood vessels, may be involved. We therefore investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), a primary regulator of angiogenesis, in leiomyo...

The addition of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to GnRH agonist (GnRHa) to treat central precocious puberty (CPP) is controversial. We systemically reviewed and evaluated the efficacy and safety of the rhGH and GnRHa adjunctive therapy in Chinese children with CPP and assessed the influence of age and therapy duration on the efficacy of the combined treatment. A total of 464 patients we...

UNLABELLED Data concerning the effects of GnRHa on weight gain are scarce. OBJECTIVE To assess the variation of the body mass index (BMI) in girls during GnRHa treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Semestral anthropometric data from 176 girls treated with goserelin or leuprorelin were analyzed. RESULTS BMI z-score increased from 1.5 +/- 0.1 SD bef...

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) remains a major complication of IVF. Triggering ovulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (as a surrogate to LH) is a major factor in the initiation of OHSS. The pathological process usually intensifies if pregnancy is achieved, as the rising endogenous HCG overstimulates the corpora lutea. Decreasing HCG trigger dose does not prevent OHSS. Gona...

Methods Serum levels of E2, NT proCNP, insulin like growth factor 1(IGF1), NMID Osteocalcin(OC) and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (b-CrossLaps) were measured in healthy 57 girls at different pubertal stages, and in 13 girls with ICPP at the beginning and the end of 6 month and 12 month of GnRHa treatment. Height velocities of the 13 ICPP girls in each 6 months be...

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used as a surrogate for the mid-cycle LH surge for several decades. Due to structural and biological similarities with LH, hCG binds to and activates the same receptor - the LH/hCG receptor. However, despite the fact that hCG effectively secures final oocyte maturation and ovulation, its use as a surrogate for LH has got several drawbacks - first and ...

We present the first Asian case of a 77-year-old man who developed pituitary apoplexy (PA) soon after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) (leuprorelin) injection to treat prostate cancer. Headache, ophthalmoplegia, visual field deficit, nausea, and vomiting are the typical characteristics of pituitary apoplexy. Though the occurrence rate is rare, the consequence of this condition can...

In the clinical management of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients it would be very useful to know, before the embryo transfer, whether or not there is a significant chance of pregnancy in that cycle. If low, it would be better to freeze the embryos and postpone the embryo transfer to a subsequent cycle. For this reason, a retrospective study was carried out to investigate the correlations bet...

Ž . In three separate experiments, non-spermiating male Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were Ž . injected with a commercial salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analog GnRHa preparation Ž . or vehicle propylene glycol . After 6 days, fish were also injected with 17a-hydroxyprogesterone Ž . Ž . 17P , 17a ,20b-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 17,20bP or vehicle. Injections were repeated on day 7, and after...