Flexible flow shop scheduling problem (FFS) with unrelated parallel machines contains sequencing in flow shop where, at any stage, there exists one or more processors. The objective consists of minimizing the maximum completion time. Because of NP-completeness of FFS problem, it is necessary to use heuristics method to address problems of moderate to large scale problem. Therefore, for assessme...

Objective Infertility has an adverse effect on Quality of Life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate QoL and its effective factors in infertile couples. MaterialsAndMethods Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) Instrument was used to measure QoL among 500 volunteer couplesattending the infertility clinic of Mother and Child Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. The participants’ demographic and clinica...

This study considers pricing, production and transportation decisions in a Stackelberg game between three-stage, multi-product, multi-source and single-period supply chains called leader and follower. These chains consist of; manufacturers, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers. Competition type is horizontal and SC vs. SC. The retailers in two chains try to maximize their profit through pri...

Abstract Bilevel optimization problems have received a growing attention in the recent past due to their relevance in practice. A number of studies on bilevel applications and solution methodologies are available for deterministic setup, but studies on uncertainties in bilevel optimization are rare. In this paper, we suggest methodologies for handling uncertainty in both lower and upper level d...

Background Surgical treatment of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) remains challenging. Application of the superior-edge-of-the-knee incision method for lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is reported to have a strong therapeutic effect in patients with LEL because lymph-to-venous flow at the anastomosis is enhanced by knee joint movement during normal walking. We investigated whether a single L...

perforin(p) is the primary mediator of short term cytotoxicity, it is accumulated in response to proinflammatory  cytokines and stored in t lymphocyte , nk cells and nkt cells are released upon activation. perforin is a prototypical cytotoxic molecule involved in cell mediated immunity against various pathogens , alloantigens and particularly different tumors.the purpose of this study was to de...

In 1997, Macal and Hurter [7] have found that adding a constraint to the lower level problem, which is not active at the computed global optimal solution, can destroy global optimality. In this paper this property is reconsidered and it is shown that this solution remains locally optimal under inner semicontinuity of the original solution set mapping. In the second part of the paper we prove th...

In this paper, a telecommunication network situation is studied. Particularly, the problem considers an upper-level decision maker that enables different types of hubs in and another one connects users to enabled hubs. The objective balance number connected However, connection performed by with lower hierarchy, associated lower-level problem. Hence, decisions at upper level are given as paramet...

In this paper we discuss special bilevel optimal control problems where the upper level problem is an optimal control problem of ODEs with control and terminal constraints and the lower level problem is a finite-dimensional parametric optimization problem where the parameter is the final state of the state variable of the upper level. We tackle this problem using tools of nonsmooth analysis, op...