the purpose of this research is to analyze heat waves characteristics in the warm period of the year as a climatic hazard in iran. in this study, the daily maximum temperature is taken at 44 synoptic stations during the period 1981-2010. these temperature values were used to extract the intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves using percentile thresholds of 90, 95, and 98. the results sh...

BACKGROUND: Health organizations the world over are required to set priorities and allocate resources within the constraint of limited funding. However, decision makers may not be well equipped to make explicit rationing decisions and as such often rely on historical or political resource allocation processes. One economic approach to priority setting which has gained momentum in practice over ...

The Malmquist productivity index evaluates the productivity change of a decision making unit (DMU) between two time periods. In this current study, a method is proposed to compute the Malmquist productivity index in several time periods (from the first to the last periods) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) and then, the obtained Malmquist productivity index is compared with Malmquist produ...

It is clear by now that health policy makers did not devote the deserved attention to respiratory diseases in the last decades. The five most important respiratory diseases (COPD, asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia and tuberculosis) are now responsible for 20% of the mortality worldwide [1,2]. The annual cost associated with these diseases amounts to €100 billion in Europe. Worldwide there are pres...

abstract variation of climatic elements could be estimated by standard deviation, coefficients of variation and so on. in iranian climatological literature, variations of climatic elements have main attention during last decades. meanwhile worldwide climatologist desired to study the characteristics of variations as well as the distribution of frequency average of these elements. in this paper,...

during the time, land cover and as a result land use patterns go through fundamental changes and human factors can have the most important role in this process. knowing these changes could be of great help to the future management of this region. according to this, the main purpose of this study is to monitor the land use-cover changes in the hamedan province area during the three recent decade...

A healthcare system has been the most important priority for all governments worldwide. Biotechnology products have affected the promotion of health care over the last thirty years. During the last several decades, Iran has achieved significant success in extending healthcare to the rural areas and in reducing the rates of infant mortality and increasing population growth. Biomedical technology...