Introduction. Male circumcision is a recommended practice in Muslim tradition. It is important to ensure that this procedure is performed as safely as possible in these communities. Methods. Five hundred adult men and women with at least one male child less than 18 years were interviewed in Karachi, Pakistan, regarding details of their child's circumcision. The survey focused on actual and perc...

Abstract Male-male social relationships in group-living mammals vary from fierce competition to the formation of opportunistic coalitions or development long-lasting bonds. We investigated male-male Guinea baboons ( Papio papio ), a species characterized by tolerance and affiliation. live multi-level society, with units one reproductively active “primary” male, 1–6 females, offspring at core le...

T HREE randomised clinical trials on the effects of male circumcision on HIV acquisition in men have been stopped by their data safety and management boards as the interim analyses showed a large protective effect, in the range of 50 to 60%. It is not only this large effect that makes male circumcision very appealing as an intervention for HIV prevention. Male circumcision is a one-time interve...

The gross anatomy of the accessory glands of the human male genital tract has been known for many centuries but even today there is only scant knowledge about the function of these organs. Reference to the text of Mann (1964) and to books edited by Greep and Astwood (1975) and Brandes (1974) provide a wealth of information about mammalian accessory gland function but serve only to emphasize how...