OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training programme on level of exertion, dyspnoea, maximum oxygen consumption, and body mass index in type 2 diabetics. METHODS The randomised, controlled trial was carried out at Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Islamic International medical College Trust, Pakistan Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pa...

Frequent nut consumption is associated with lower rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). Also, nut-rich diets improve the serum lipid profile of participants in dietary intervention trials. However, nuts are fatty foods, and in theory their regular consumption may lead to body weight gain. Because obesity is a major public health problem and a risk factor for CAD, clinicians and policy makers ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) overall and by body mass index. METHODS Cross-sectional study of employed individuals. Daily alcohol intakes were calculated from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire by 5,512 Maori, Pacific Island, and European workers (3,992 men, 1520 women) aged 40 years and above. RES...

A method based on sample preparation by solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was validated and used for simultaneous analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and cotinine in samples collected at the major wastewater treatment plant in the city of Lisbon. The aim was to estimate the consumption of both cocaine and nicotine in this community and establish...

BACKGROUND Wheelchair tennis players, competing in hot and humid environments, are faced with an increased risk of heat-related illness and impaired performance. This study examined the effects of head and neck cooling garments on perceptions of exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), and water consumption during wheelchair exercise at 30.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C. METHODS Eight highly trained whee...

OBJECTIVE Maternal smoking has been associated with a reduction in newborn birth weight. We sought to estimate how the pattern of maternal smoking throughout pregnancy influences newborn size. METHODS One hundred sixty pregnant smoking women were enrolled in a prospective study. We collected data on maternal age, education, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity, as well as alcohol and illi...

OBJECTIVE To assess relationships between TV viewing and body composition, energy expenditure, physical activity, fitness and nutrition habits in prepubertal children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Sixty prepubertal children (mean body mass index: 20.8 kg m(-2), age: 5-11 years, overweight: n = 52, normal weight: n = 8). METHODS TV consumption, socio-economic status (SES) and nut...

This paper develops the analytical framework to compare the approximate performance of periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with previously proposed hypersonic trajectory prooles for global reach. Speciically, range, V and payload carrying capacity are evaluated for various trajectory types to illustrate the enhanced performance achieved by y-ing periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with ...

This paper develops the analytical framework to compare the approximate performance of periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with previously proposed hypersonic trajectory pro-les for global reach. Speciically, range, V and payload carrying capacity are evaluated for various trajectory types to illustrate the enhanced performance achieved by ying periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with e...