One of the first immunologic responses against HIV infection is the presence of neutralizing antibodies that seem able to inactivate several HIV strains. Moreover, in vitro studies have shown the existence of monoclonal antibodies that exhibit broad crossclade neutralizing potential. Yet their number is low and slow to develop in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the potential benefits of ind...

OBJECTIVE This article predicts the future epidemiology of HIV-2 in Caió, a rural region of Guinea Bissau; and investigates whether HIV-2, which has halved in prevalence between 1990 and 2007 and is now almost absent in young adults in Caió, can persist as an infection of the elderly. DESIGN A mathematical model of the spread of HIV-2 was tailored to the epidemic in Caió, a village in Guinea-...

BACKGROUND The asymptomatic phase of HIV infection is characterised by a slow decline of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells. Why this decline is slow is not understood. One potential explanation is that the low average rate of homeostatic proliferation or immune activation dictates the pace of a "runaway" decline of memory CD4(+) T cells, in which activation drives infection, higher viral loads, m...

BACKGROUND Small, highly reactive molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in cell signalling and infection control. However, high levels of ROS can cause significant damage to cell structure and function. Studies have shown that infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in increased ROS concentrations, which can in turn lead to faster progression o...

In this article, we study a continuous age-structured HIV infection model. For the case of the saturation infection rate, the basic reproduction number <0 is shown to be a sharp threshold value for the global dynamics; that is, the infection-free equilibrium is globally stable if <0 < 1, while a unique infection equilibrium is so if <0 > 1. For the proof, we use Lyapunov functional techniques b...

The rise in the number of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy and HIV-infection with end-stage renal disease (HIV+ ESRD) continues to be a substantial concern for the ESRD program. In order to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the progression of patients with AIDS to the development of ESRD and to project the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD through 2020, a mathem...

We propose a mathematical model to interpret observations concerning the behavior of broadly neutralizing antibodies for chronic HIV in vivo. The model enables us to identify a threshold antibody level that must be achieved to decrease the viral load effectively. Although this threshold has not been reached in existing passive immunization studies, it is within range of humoral immune responses...

A novel mathematical delay model for simultaneous infection of HIV and hepatitis C virus is formulated dynamically analyzed. Basic properties the are established proved. reproductive threshold systematically calculated as maximum three subthreshold parameters. disease free equilibrium determined to be globally asymptotically stable all values when less than unity. However, greater one, endemic ...

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is not a cure. However, recent studies suggest that ART, initiated early during primary infection, may induce post-treatment control (PTC) of HIV infection with HIV RNA maintained at <50 copies per mL. We investigate the hypothesis that ART initiated early during primary infection permits PTC by limiting the size of the latent reservoir, which, if small enou...