Most land surface models require information on aerodynamic roughness length and its temporal and spatial variability. This research presents a practical approach for determining the aerodynamic roughness length at fine temporal and spatial resolution over the landscape by combining remote sensing and ground measurements. The basic framework of Raupach, with the bulk surface parameters redefine...

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to da...

In concrete structures, opened cracks contribute significantly to the transfer of shear and normal stresses through contact forces occurring between fractured surfaces. Such are due protruding asperities, engaged by interlocking friction. this paper, role played roughness on resistance is investigated numerically. First, micro computed tomography digital microscope measures surfaces used valida...

Abstract We develop an analytical model of adhesive wear between two unlubricated rough surfaces, forming micro-contacts under normal load. The is based on energy balance and a crack initiation criteria. apply the to problem self-affine surfaces load, which we solve using boundary element method. discuss how self-affinity surface roughness, complex morphology that emerge for given contact press...

The work investigates the adhesive/cohesive molecular and physical interactions together with nanoscopic features of commonly used orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) excipients microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and D-mannitol. This helps to elucidate the underlying physico-chemical and mechanical mechanisms responsible for powder densification and optimum product functionality. Atomic force micr...

BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable, naturally mass-produced form of stored solar energy. Thermochemical pretreatment processes have been developed to address the challenge of biomass recalcitrance, however the optimization, cost reduction, and scalability of these processes remain as obstacles to the adoption of biofuel production processes at the industrial scale. In this study,...

This paper proposed a semi-theoretical model to quantitatively predict leakage rate of tubing and casing premium connections. The geometric parameters the sealing surface profile approximated by sinusoidal micro-convex were first obtained based on random normal distribution sampling method. With actual area prediction formula for elastic–plastic contact an axisymmetric body equivalent simulatio...

Water droplets impinging on micro-grooved polydimethylsiloxane surfaces were studied. Depending the impact velocity and surface roughness, different phenomena such as no bouncing, complete rebound (CR), bouncing occurring with droplet breakup (BDB), partial rebound, sticky state observed. The lower limit of for can be determined by balancing kinetic energy barrier due to contact angle hysteresi...

Micromachining arbitrary 3D silicon structures for micro-electromechanical systems can be accomplished using gray-scale lithography along with dry anisotropic etching. In this study, we have investigated the use of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and the tailoring of etch selectivity for precise fabrication. Silicon loading, the introduction of an O2 step, wafer electrode power, and wafer temp...

The transport properties of metallophthalocyanine thin films are important ingredients in many technological applications. Ohmic conductance of thin film (15 nm to 90 nm) Co-phthalocyanine (CoPc) capacitive devices has been investigated in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. For Pd and V electrodes, the electrode-film (E-F) interface and metallic micro-shorts contribute substantially to the...