a common method to determine the order of minimal realization of a continuous linear time invariant descriptor system is to decompose it into slow and fast subsystems using the weierstrass canonical form. the weierstrass decomposition should be avoided because it is generally an ill-conditioned problem that requires many complex calculations especially for high-dimensional systems. the present ...

Matrix functions are used in many areas of linear algebra and arise in numerical applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we introduce an effective approach for determining matrix function f(A)=g(q(A)) of a square matrix A, where q is a polynomial function from a degree of m and also function g can be a transcendental function. Computing a matrix function f(A) will be time- consu...

The Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB–BC) method is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm which inspired by one of the theories of the evolution of universe. In the BB–BC optimization algorithm, firstly random points are produced in the Big Bang phase then these points are shrunk to a single representative point via a center of mass or minimal cost approach in the Big Crunch phase. In this paper, the...

In some companies, undesirable costs are imposed for provision of services. It is required that current outputs of decision making units are produced at minimal undesirable cost. In this paper, a new method is proposed for evaluating the undesirable cost imposed on the units. Moreover, data is considered in fuzzy number form, due to the observed input-output data are sometimes imprecise in real...

The background field approach to multi-loop calculations in gauge field theories is presented. A relation between the gauge-invariant effective action computed using this method and the effective action of the conventional functional approach is derived. Feynman rules are given and renormalization is discussed. It is shown that the renormalization programme can be carried out without any refere...

This talk presents details of the calculation of two-loop corrections to heavy baryon currents containing one heavy quark in leading order of the 1/mQ-expansion, i.e. in the limit of Heavy Quark Symmetry (HQS). The calculations lead to the determination of the anomalous dimension of these currents. I also discuss problems with different γ5-schemes and their solution by the finite renormalizatio...

Success in higher education depends on students’ ability to meet the writing requirements of their chosen courses, and in many cases this involves adapting to the literacy practices of particular disciplines. While research into professional academic discourse suggests that it may reflect differences in disciplinary culture and epistemology, there has been relatively little investigation of dis...