Digital microfluidic systems (DMFS) are a class of lab-on-a-chip systems that manipulate individual droplets of chemicals on an array of electrodes. The biochemical analyses are performed by repeatedly moving, mixing, and splitting droplets on the electrodes. In this paper, we characterize the tree structure of biochemical analyses and identify their minimum resource requirements, towards the d...

We examined the effects of short-term estrogen and progesterone treatment mimicking pregnancy in aged female Lewis rats on the development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinoma. Rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg MNU at 7 weeks of age and half of those rats were administered a subcutaneously implanted 21-day release pellet containing 0.5 mg...

The alternating co-polymer has been methylated with either N methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or dimethyl sulphate (DMS) and the levels of the various methylated thymidines (O2-methylthymidine, 3-methylthymidine and O4-methylthymidine) measured. MNU produced all three compounds whereas DMS only produced 3-methylthymidine and O2-methylthymidine at detectable levels. These results have been combined wi...

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of fasting on the induction and growth of chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given methylnitrosourea (MNU) i.p. (50 mg/kg) at 50 days of age; a group of rats were exposed to 4 day fasting followed by 1 day of refeeding before the administration of the carcinogen, while another group was exposed to thr...

The immune response modifier Canova® is a homeopathic remedy indicated for patients with depressed immune system, since this drug appears to increase adaptive immunity and induce an immune response against multiple and severe pathological conditions, including cancer. We evaluated the pattern of immune cellular response in non-human primates of the species Cebus apella exposed to N-methyl-N-nit...

The present investigation was conducted to determine: (a) whether the superficial papillary tumors developing in heterotopically transplanted bladders (HTBs) of rats after N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) initiation and subsequent weekly urine treatment would regress when placed in a urine-free environment; (b) whether tumors would develop in HTBs if MNU initiation is not followed by further manipu...

The present investigation was conducted to determine: (a) whether the superficial papillary tumors developing in heterotopically transplanted bladders (HTBs) of rats after A/-methyl-/Vnitrosourea (MNU) initiation and subsequent weekly urine treat ment would regress when placed in a urine-free environment; (b) whether tumors would develop in HTBs if MNU initiation is not followed by further mani...