Abstract In this study, we design a refractive index (RI) sensor using novel cadmium telluride photonic crystal fiber (TPCF). Based on four-wave mixing (FWM), the changes in RI can be accurately detected, and sensing mid-infrared region (MIR) achieved by detecting wavelength shifts Stokes anti-Stokes spectra caused of liquid to measured. When pump FWM lies normal abnormal dispersion regions TPC...

a mixing rule for the mixtures of hard-spheres is presented which can be reduced to the standard van der waals mixing rule at low densities. the effectiveness of the mixing rule for the size and energy parameters of lennard-jones fluid are examined by combining them with an equation of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. the results of calculation are compared with the molecular dynami...

It is shown that intrinsic neutrino flavor violation invariably occurs when neutrinos are created within the standard model augmented by the known massive neutrinos, with mixing and nondegenerate masses. The effects are very small but much greater than the naive estimate m=E or the branching ratio of indirect flavor violating processes such as ! e within the SM. We specifically calculate the pr...

In this article I review the constraints on neutrino mass and mixing coming from type-II supernovae. The bounds obtained on these parameters from shock reheating, r-process nucleosynthesis and from SN1987A are discussed. Given the current constraints on neutrino mass and mixing the effect of oscillations of neutrinos from a nearby supernova explosion in future detectors will also be discussed.