IL-4: Interleukin 4 IFN-b: Interferon beta IFN-b1a: Interferon beta-1a MS: Multiple sclerosis SSc: Systemic sclerosis Th2: T helper 2 INTRODUCTION Interferon beta-1a (IFN-b1a) is a cytokine therapy used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The most common adverse injection site reactions include local erythema, pain, and induration. Other less frequently encountered react...

A 17 year old girl presented with asymptomatic linear depressed groove involving the midline of the forehead region which was progressively increasing over the past 1 year. The lesion was slowly extending to the scalp which became a major concern to the patient. There was no history of trauma preceding the development of the lesion. On examination, an ivory sclerotic depressed linear lesion mai...

Localised scleroderma is an uncommon connective tissue disease of multifactorial aetiology occurring in the paediatric and adult population. It is relatively difficult to conduct any research on the subject of this disease entity treatment due to the low number of patients suffering from morphea, a tendency of the disease to remit spontaneously, and not yet well recognised aetiology. Hence, the...

We have previously shown that frontoparietal scleroderma en coup de sabre, a type of linear scleroderma that affects the face and scalp, follows the lines of Blaschko, but the question whether linear scleroderma that occurs in the limbs follows Blaschko's lines has not been answered. We describe the case of a 4-year-old girl with multiple morphea showing remarkable unilateral systematized distr...

Parry Romberg syndrome(PRS) is a rare acquired poorly understood neurocutaneous syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by slow progressive atrophic changes commonly affecting one half of the face. The exact incidence and etiology towards the syndrome remains unclear. Apart from the multifactorial etiology proposed, the possible primary cause is mainly attributed to the cerebral disturbance ...

Enteritis cystica profunda is a very rare disease in which a mucin-filled cystic space is surrounded partially with nonneoplastic columnar epithelium in the submucosa of the small intestine. Most of the cases are accompanied by intestinal diseases, and the disease usually occurs in the jejunum and the ileum and there has been no report of a case that occurred in the ampulla of Vater. A 58-year-...

We report the case of an 83-year-old woman who developed a pseudoaneurysm of the profunda femoris artery after dynamic hip screw fixation for an intertrochanteric femoral fracture. 23 days after the fixation, radiological investigations including colour Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography identified a pseudoaneurysm surrounded by a large intramuscular haematoma close to...