Success of metabolomics as the phenotyping platform largely depends on its ability to detect various sources of biological variability. Removal of platform-specific sources of variability such as systematic error is therefore one of the foremost priorities in data pre-processing. However, chemical diversity of molecular species included in typical metabolic profiling experiments leads to differ...

An important question in cognitive science is whether internal models are encoded in the brain of higher animals at birth, and are only subsequently refined through experience, or whether models are synthesized over the lifetime of an animal – and if so, how are they formed. A further question is whether animals maintain a single model of a particular body part or tool, or whether multiple comp...

Based on the measurements of noise in gene expression performed during the past decade, it has become customary to think of gene regulation in terms of a two-state model, where the promoter of a gene can stochastically switch between an ON and an OFF state. As experiments are becoming increasingly precise and the deviations from the two-state model start to be observable, we ask about the exper...

In the last years it has been described a condition named Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI), frequently but not exclusively associated to Multiple Sclerosis (MS), which generated a strong scientific controversy about the epidemiological prevalence and the possible role in the complex, multi-factorial MS ethio-pathogenesis. However, CCSVI description also stimulated a considerab...

This paper presents n-coding, a theoretical model of multiple internal mental representations. The n-coding construct is developed from a review of cognitive and imaging studies suggesting the independence of information processing along different modalities: verbal, visual, kinesthetic, social, etc. A study testing the effectiveness of the n-coding construct in classrooms is presented. Four se...

Progress in understanding the driver/vehicle interface requires an improved model of driver skill in the steering control task. A possible explanation for driver steering skill involves driver usage of multiple internal models of the vehicle dynamics, where each internal model represents the actual vehicle dynamics within a limited range of the performance envelope of the vehicle. This paper pr...

For increasing the number of internal hot spots in the individual plasmonic nanoparticles, porous Au nanostructures were synthesized by a hybrid approach combining a physical process, which defined the overall shapes and dimensions of the nanostructures, and a chemical process, which incorporated nanopores inside the patterned nanostructures. This approach allows us to synthesize lithographical...

In this study the authors evaluate the results of internal synthesis of femoral fractures in polytraumatised patients initially treated by external fixation (EF). From January 2002 to December 2005, 39 femurs in 37 polytraumatised patients (average age 34.2 years, range 18-44) with closed fractures and an ISS>20 were initially treated with EF. There were three groups: Group A, 13 cases when con...

Spatial light modulator addressed with computer generated holograms is used to diffract femtosecond laser pulses into > 15 parallel beams and focused simultaneously inside poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for high throughput 3D refractive index modification. Uniform modification throughout the structure is demonstrated and used to create a 19 μm pitch, 5 × 5 × 3.5 mm 3 thick volume grating in <...