Background. It is unclear whether the clinical use of tibial rotation to measure the strength of the medial hamstrings and lateral hamstrings in isolation is based on sound scientific evidence or is simply based on anatomical features. Objectives. To verify the appropriateness of tibial rotation for isolation of the medial hamstrings and lateral hamstrings, the participants performed neutral r...

[Purpose] The objective of this study was to compare the effects of flexi-bar training and general lumbar stabilization training on muscle activity and fatigue. [Methods] Twenty normal persons participated in this study. After warm up and a Maximum Voluntary Isomeric Contraction (MVIC) test, participants performed bridging exercise, quadruped lumbar stabilization exercise on quadruped and curl-...

Objectives: To analyze the electrical activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles of individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of lower leg extension with the knee at 30°; to assess pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS); and to assess patellar positio...

OBJECTIVES To analyze the electrical activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles of individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of lower leg extension with the knee at 30 degrees; to assess pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS); and to assess patellar p...

Photochemical aerosols were detected as high 350 km of altitude in Pluto's atmosphere during the New Horizons fly-by. These are thought to affect climate, by acting cooling agents, and colours surface, particular dark regions named Cthulhu Krun at North Pole. Pluto atmospheric surface models have so far used optical constants Titan aerosol analogues (tholins), whereas their chemical composition...

Athletes have been wearing compression clothing (e.g., shorts, tights, or stockings) for many years in attempts to prevent injury, aid performance, and help recover after exercise. More recently, a number of manufacturers have developed compression garments which they market as “toning apparel.” Most of these garments incorporate elasticized “toning panels” which are designed to provide resista...

This study determined the sex difference with aging in fatigability of the elbow flexor muscles during a dynamic fatiguing task, and explored the associated mechanisms. We compared fatigability of the elbow flexor muscles in 18 young (20.2 ± 1 years: 9 men) and 36 old adults (73.5 ± 1 years: 16 men) during and in recovery from repeated dynamic contractions (~60°/s) with a load equivalent to 20%...