An Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for optimal tree-structured natural gas distribution network. Design of pipelines, facilities, and equipment systems are necessary tasks to configure an optimal natural gas network. A mixed integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total cost in the network. The aim is to optimize pipe diameter sizes so that the location-alloc...

We use historical and new atmospheric trace gas observations to refine the estimated source of methane (CH(4)) emitted into California's South Coast Air Basin (the larger Los Angeles metropolitan region). Referenced to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) CO emissions inventory, total CH(4) emissions are 0.44 ± 0.15 Tg each year. To investigate the possible contribution of fossil fuel emis...

Natural gas storage process in aquifer, due to fluid flow behavior of gas and water in the porous medium and because of their contact with each other under reservoir conditions, faces several challenges. Therefore, there should be a clear understanding of the injected gas behavior before and after the injection into the reservoir. This research simulates the natural gas storage in aquifer by us...

T he environmental issues have received a lot of attention in recent years. Since environmental pollution is one of the issues that may damage the ability of future generations, it is important to examine the determinants of the environment quality. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of urban and rural income inequality on natural gas consumption in Iran. To this...

in this work the likelihood of asphaltene deposition problems during dynamic displacement of oil by natural gas in unconsolidated porous media is experimentally inspected. the two different rock materials, limestone and sandstone, are used as a representative of porous media. dynamic flow experiments indicate that the increase of natural gas injection increases asphaltene deposition in the unco...

An efficient membrane for helium separation from natural gas is quite crucial for cryogenic industries. However, most experimentally available membranes fail in separating helium from small molecules in natural gas, such as H2, as well as in 3He/4He isotopes separation. Using first-principles calculations, we theoretically demonstrated that the already-synthesized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3...