Cylindric algebras are the algebraic counterparts of First Order Logic as was explained in the monograph [1] of Henkin, Monk, and Tarski, and also in [2], [3], and [4]. A cylindric algebra is representable if it corresponds to some logical system in a strong sense, cf. Theorem 4.2 and Definition 6.2 in [2] and 1.1.13 of [1]. (see also the remark preceding Corollary 2 in the present note). It wa...

To date, route planning for planetary rovers has been performed at the ground station. However, with improvements in autonomous navigation enabling rovers to make their way between targets independently, future rover missions could incorporate onboard route planning. This would enable targets that are identified while the rover is moving around to be added to the plan, if possible. In this work...

The sequestration of iron by mammalian hosts represents a significant obstacle to the establishment of a bacterial infection. In response, pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms to acquire iron from host heme. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, utilizes secreted hemophores to scavenge heme from host hemoglobin, thereby facilitating iron acquisition from extracellular heme ...

We reveal some of the key mechanisms during charge generation in polymer:fullerene blends exploiting our well-defined understanding of the microstructures obtained in pBTTT:PCBM systems via processing with fatty acid methyl ester additives. Based on ultrafast transient absorption, electro-absorption, and fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy, we find that exciton diffusion through relatively ...

Flexible composite films were produced by impregnating aqueous phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin into water-swollen cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. CNF films were prepared using a pressurized filtration method in combination with freeze drying. The freeze-dried films were swollen with water then impregnated with PF resin by soaking in aqueous resin solutions of varying concentrations. Small amou...

We describe here the theory behind the language comprehension program Wimp. Wimp understands by first, finding paths between the open-class words in a sentence using a marker passing, or spreading-activation, technique. This paper is primarily concerned with the “meaning” (or interpretation) of such paths. We argue that they are best thought of as backbones of proofs that the terms (words) at, ...

Well-aligned macroscopic fibers composed solely of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were produced by conventional spinning. Fuming sulfuric acid charges SWNTs and promotes their ordering into an aligned phase of individual mobile SWNTs surrounded by acid anions. This ordered dispersion was extruded via solution spinning into continuous lengths of macroscopic neat SWNT fibers. Such fibers ...

In this paper we present application of genetic programming (GP) [1] to evolution of indirect encoding of neural network weights. We compare usage of original HyperNEAT algorithm with our implementation, in which we replaced the underlying NEAT with genetic programming. The algorithm was named HyperGP. The evolved neural networks were used as controllers of autonomous mobile agents (robots) in ...

Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding how structured exercise affects energy expenditure (EE). This study was designed to determine the changes in EE and physical activity following exercise training in older women. Nonobese (body mass index = 25.8 ± 3.4 kg·m-2) women (60-75 years, n = 72) completed a 4-month supervised aerobic exercise training of lower- or higher-dose (3...

BACKGROUND Iron is an essential element for bacterial growth and virulence. Because of its limited bioavailability in the host, bacteria have adapted several strategies to acquire iron during infection. In the human opportunistic bacteria Bacillus cereus, a surface protein IlsA is shown to be involved in iron acquisition from both ferritin and hemoproteins. IlsA has a modular structure consisti...