Project Summary: The enormous increase in incarceration led to a parallel, but far less well-documented, increase in the proportion of children who grew up with a parent incarcerated at some point during their childhood. Moreover, the concentration of these incarceration trends among less educated African-Americans has resulted in a larger gulf between the early-life experiences of white and bl...

In this paper, new definitions of $L$-fuzzy closure operator, $L$-fuzzy interior operator, $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood system, $L$-fuzzy neighborhood system and $L$-fuzzy quasi-coincident neighborhood system are proposed. It is proved that the category of $L$-fuzzy closure spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy interior spaces, the category of $L$-fuzzy remote neighborhood spaces, the category of ...

introduction cities and neighborhoods in iran couldn’t adjust themselves to quick changes of the recent decades and have lost their quality in many aspects. due to poor planning and governance at the regional and urban design on physical function, rapid growth of large-scale migrations and inefficient policies and procedures in dealing with urban neighborhoods neglected urban neighborhoods as w...

background: the purpose of this study is to determine association between personal, family, neighborhood, and social network characteristics and perceived intimacy in the neighborhood by the women. methods: in this cross‑sectional study, we applied a two‑stage sampling method to choose a representative sample of 150 married women and housewives, aged 15 to 49 years, who had education between si...

The Adolescents, Life Context, & School project was developed in a suburban, residential area of Padova, Italy, and involved three classes of 12-year-old children. Across three months, children observed, documented, and talked about their own life contexts in order to voice problems to decision makers. Both teachers and council members played key roles in supporting the project and the children...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sense of "humanness" in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients with right hemispheric involvement. BACKGROUND Early in the course, FTD is often asymmetric, and those with predominant right frontotemporal disease have disproportionate disturbances in social behavior and empathy. A disruption in a sense of humanness may underlie these behavioral disturbances. METHOD ...

Let G be an edge-colored graph. A heterochromatic (rainbow, or multicolored) path of G is such a path in which no two edges have the same color. Let CN(v) denote the color neighborhood of a vertex v of G. In a previous paper, we showed that if |CN(u)∪CN(v)| ≥ s (color neighborhood union condition) for every pair of vertices u and v of G, then G has a heterochromatic path of length at least b 2s...

In this paper we provide concrete combinatorial formal deformation algorithms, namely sequences of elementary collapses and expansions, which relate various previously extensively studied families of combinatorially defined polyhedral complexes. To start with, we give a sequence of elementary collapses leading from the barycentric subdivision of the neighborhood complex to the Lovász complex of...

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP's) involve nding values for variables subject to constraints on which combinations of values are permitted. Symmetrical values of a CSP variable are in a sense redundant. Their removal will simplify the problem space. In this paper we give the principle of symmetry and show that the concept of interchangeability introduced by Freuder, is a particular case o...

In the generalized version of the classical Minimum Spanning Tree problem, the nodes of a graph are partitioned into clusters and exactly one node from each cluster must be connected. This problem plays, for example, a role in the design of backbones in larger communication networks. We present a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) approach for this problem which is based on two different neighb...