T his paper examines the effect of factors on the development of commercial banking in Iraq. Seven factors used as determinates for financial depth which are per capita GDP, inflation rate, government budget deficit, share of state-owned banks of total assets as proxy of financial repression, oil sector domination, international trade openness and political stability as explanatory v...

The oil industry needs solid and reliable materials in almost all processes. By making nano-scale materials, lighter, more robust, and more robust equipment than today's products can be produced. Nanotechnology in the field of oil industry and its related industries, in addition to reducing the environmental hazards of this sector and the possibility of saving from harvesting of underground res...

1 Paper prepared for UNDP/IDB/World Bank/CEPAL project " Balance of Payments Liberalization, Distribution and Poverty in Latin America " and originally presented at project seminar in Rio de Janeiro, other seminar participants, as well as to Geske Dijkstra and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on a previous draft. The Institute of Social Studies is Europe's longest-established centre of...

Organizations operating in the oil and gas sector face enormous challenges, including the pressing need to find and exploit new energy supplies, greater regulatory pressures, new workflow requirements, and the demands of a a changing professional labor force. At the same time, upstream companies face a serious and growing risk from cyber-attacks, malicious software, and other threats against th...

Due to sporadic climate change and global warming, world have signed international protocols promising to reduce their nation's emissions. This study focuses on the application of the bees algorithm, embedded with an artificial neural network, to determine practical yearly reductions for minimizing oil, natural gas, and coal emissions as by-products of energy consumption in Canada's manufacturi...

Perspectives on the challenge posed by potential future climate change are presented including a discussion of prospects for carbon capture followed either by sequestration or reuse including opportunities for alternatives to the use of oil in the transportation sector. The potential for wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuel energy as a source of electricity are outlined including the re...

Organizations operating in the oil and gas sector face enormous challenges, including the pressing need to find and exploit new energy supplies, greater regulatory pressures, new workflow requirements, and the demands of a a changing professional labor force. At the same time, upstream companies face a serious and growing risk from cyber-attacks, malicious software, and other threats against th...