for an indoor non-directed line of sight optical wireless communication (nlos-owc) system we investigate the optimized lambertian order (olo) of light-emitting diodes (leds). we firstly derive an expression for the olo from a conventional lambertian led model. then, we analyze the indoor multi-cell nlos-owc channel characteristics including the optical power distribution and the multipath time ...

Zn0.97TM0.03O (TM = Co, Fe) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by the sol–gel method and the effects of transition metals substitution on structural and optical properties of ZnO films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the films have wurtzite structure. Optical transmittance of the films was recorded in the range of 200 -800 nm wave length and the band...

human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. it seems that in the beginning of his efforts he has become familiar with the functions of the pupil of the eye, using these data, he was able to make the dark room and use the hole to relieve the refractive errors. it can be said that the human in the pre-history and post-history periods had been able to solve his...

purpose : to study optical coherence tomography (oct) findings in high myopic patients with the history of uncomplicated cataract surgery methods : the sample included 34 eyes of 24 highly myopic patients with an axial length (al) of 26 mm or more and a spherical equivalent (se) of 8.0 diopter (d) or more who had uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery. octs were done in multiple sec...

cobalt oxide (co3o4) nanoparticleshave been synthesized by hydrothermal method using mixture of cobalt(ii)chloride, triton x-100 and koh in an autoclave at 180 °c for 6 h followed by heating at 400 ºc for 3 h in air. the product have been characterized by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir), uv-vis spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and transmission ...