This paper seeks to use fixed effect and dynamic panel models examine role of firm characteristics, macroeconomic variables, control corruption political uncertainty in explaining cash holdings Egyptian firms over the period 2011 – 2020. We find that characteristics strongly explain variations corporate ratios deviations from target ratios. However, we document no considerable macro variables. ...

This paper focuses on managing the cost of de­ liberation before action. In many problems, the cost and the resource consumption of the delib­ eration phase cannot be ignored, and the overall quality of the solution reflects the costs incurred and the resources consumed in deliberation as well as the cost and benefit of execution. A feasible strategy that minimizes the total cost is termed comp...

We study a firm's optimal strategy to adjust its capacity using demand information. The capacity adjustment is costly and often subject to managerial hurdles which sometimes make it difficult to adjust capacity multiple times. In order to clearly analyze the impact of demand learning on the firm's decision, we study two scenarios. In the first scenario, the firm's capacity adjustment cost incre...

Baroclinic eddy equilibration under a Northern Hemisphere–like seasonal forcing is studied using a modified multilayer quasigeostrophic channel model to investigate the widely used ‘‘quick baroclinic eddy equilibration’’ assumption and to understand to what extent baroclinic adjustment can be applied to interpret the midlatitude climate. Under a slowly varying seasonal forcing, the eddy and mea...

the purpose of this paper is a study on the effect of cash flows on the gap between actual and optimal financial leverage ratio companies listed in tehran stock exchange. in this regard, we try to help with advanced econometric techniques such as partial adjustment model on panel data and generalized method of moments to achieve a reasonable estimate of the impacts.in this paper, were analyzed ...