United States foreign assistance to Pakistan has always been driven by security considerations. By 2010, US counter-terrorism and stabilisation objectives resulted in Pakistan becoming the second largest recipient of US foreign aid globally. Given the policy impact of the assumption that aid promotes US security objectives in Pakistan, there is surprisingly little analysis or evidence of its ef...

The study investigates the impact of service recovery on word of mouth, customer trust and customer loyalty in public sector organizations of Pakistan (Pakistan Post, Pakistan Railways and Pakistan International Air Lines). This study employed a quantitative method approach to collect and analyse the data collected through a survey questionnaire. The study sample population comprised 300 custom...

This study is a component of the Micro Impact of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies (MIMAP) Pakistan project. This project is being implemented by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. The main aim of this project is to analyse the impact of structural adjustment policies on income distribution and poverty in Pakistan. an autonomous research organisation devoted to carrying...

BACKGROUND In recent years suicide has become a major public health problem in Pakistan. AIMS To identify major risk factors associated with suicides in Karachi, Pakistan. METHOD A matched case-control psychological autopsy study. Interviews were conducted for 100 consecutive suicides, which were matched for age, gender and area of residence with 100 living controls. RESULTS Both univaria...

We conducted this study to obtain a comprehensive picture of molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in three neighboring countries, i.e. Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan as a basis for discussing possible hypothesis regarding between-country virus transmission. Our results showed that subtype composition differs between these countries with more variation in Pakistan than Iran and Afghanistan. The CRF3...

The genetic diversity of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) laboratory colonies derived from collections in China, northern Vietnam, Pakistan, and a mixed colony from Taiwan and southern Vietnam was evaluated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, ITS-2, and the 5' end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The strains share the same ITS sequence, consistent...

Stillbirth and infant mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1981-5 was investigated according to the mother's country of birth. Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of mothers born in Pakistan (standardised mortality ratio 237), followed by infants of mothers born in Ind...

Gastroenteritis causes from 4 to 10 million children deaths every year worldwide, mainly from infection with water-borne Enteroviruses, which consist of 67 diverse serogroups. Forty-two sewage and drinking water samples from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan were analyzed for the occurrence of Enterovirus by nested RT-PCR amplification. Molecular detection was based on amplification of a pa...

The genetic diversity of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) laboratory colonies derived fromcollections inChina, northernVietnam, Pakistan, and amixed colony from Taiwan and southern Vietnam was evaluated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, ITS-2, and the 5 end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The strains share the same ITS sequence, consistentwith ...