Glucocorticoid hormones alter transcription of specific genes. Glucocorticoid-stimulated genes have been especially useful in unraveling molecular events responsible for positive gene regulation in mammals. The gene encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is under feedback inhibition by glucocorticoids, provides a model system to study negative gene regulation. Using an episomal bovine papil...

Although focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is elevated in epithelial cancers, it is not known whether FAK expression influences tumor development in vivo. We found that fak +/- heterozygous mice display reduced 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced papilloma formation that correlates with reduced FAK protein expression in the skin. However, the frequency of malignant conversion of papillomas into ca...

The fine structure of cutaneous papilloma in the dog was studied in two biopsy specimens fixed in formalin, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, and processed through the Epon embedding technic. The most prominent changes were found in the nuclei of epidermal cells, especially in the granular layer of neoplastic fronds. The affected nuclei contained inclusion bodies in various stages of morphologic d...

Papillary lesions of the breast include a broad spectrum of lesions, ranging from benign papilloma, papilloma with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to papillary carcinoma. The accurate diagnosis of mammary papillary lesions is a challenge for pathologists, owing to the overlapping features among these lesions. In this review, some of the diagnostic criteria o...

BACKGROUND There is very limited literature on squamous papillomas of the conjunctiva from Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to contribute to the literature on the subject, we studied the clinicopathological characteristics of patients histologically diagnosed with squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva in Ibadan, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and pathological records of ...

Carcinogenesis is a pathological process which may be mimicked in experimental models. The entire process may be subdivided into three steps: initiation, promotion and progression. The three steps of this model are routinely generated in mouse skin tissue, using the carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator, and cocarcinogens such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ...

The inverted papilloma is a rare urothelial tumor, and its localization at the prosthatic urethra is also exceptional. We present a case of inverted papilloma of the prostatic urethra in a 72 years-old male, with symptoms of urinary flow obstruction. The diagnose is obtained after urethrocistoscopy and transurethral resection at the same time. We discuss about the etiology, clinical presentatio...

Congenital neoplasms of the choroid plexus are uncommon. A case of a surgically resected congenital third-ventricular choroid plexus papilloma is presented to demonstrate the appearance of this tumor using real-time sonography and MR imaging. The sonographic features of this tumor are reviewed and compared with previous reports . The MR characteristics are correlated with sonographic findings, ...

The fine structure of the human wart virus is compared with that of the Shope rabbit papilloma virus. The distribu tion of the viral antigens within the human wart, as determined by immunofluorescence, is described and compared with the distribution of the viral antigens in the rabbit papilloma. The distribution of viral particles in the two lesions, as determined by electron microscopy, is als...

abstract aims: a few studies concentrate on the level of knowledge of hpv. this study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge about hpv, its risk factors, and its relation with cervical cancer in women of kashan city, iran. instrument & methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in january 2015 in the population of the women of kashan city, iran, and 200 persons were...