I N 1927 H. J. MULLER (1890-1967) published in Science a paper entitled “Artificial Transmutation of the Gene.” It reported the first experimental production of mutations and opened a new era in genetics. The title is curious. Why transmutation rather than mutation? The answer emerges from another paper (MULLER 1928a), written in 1926. After reviewing the repeated failure of efforts by many wor...

Background and Objective: Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is one of the reasons for the gastric inflammation and peptic ulcers. It is a predisposing factor of gastric adenocarcinoma. Cytotoxin A encoded by the cagA gene is one of the major virulence factors in bacterial pathogenicity, which is of special importance due to genetic diversity in different geographical areas. The purpose of this st...

Twenty years ago, Thompson and Todd (1922) published an article entitled "Old age and blood pressure problems." They recorded the blood pressure in a hundred and two Chelsea pensioners over the age of seventy-five, noting that forty-six of them had systolic figures over 150 mm. and twenty-three over 170 mm. They also found that apparently similar men in normal health showed great differences in...