the philosophy of biology has existed as a distinct sub-discipline within the philosophy of science for about thirty years. the rapid growth of the field has mirrored that of the biological sciences in the same period. today the discipline is well represented in the leading journals in philosophy of science, as well as in several specialist journals. there have been two generations of textbooks...

the distinction between « appearance » and « reality » goes back to the origins of western philosophy. the greek philosophers almost have considered the appearance as a distortion of the true essence of things and, as such, have strived to establish the reality behind the elusive and ephemeral appearances. the visual arts were condemned by this devaluation of appearances principally in plato’s ...

This paper discusses issues in evolutionary art related to Art Theory and Aesthetics with a view to better understanding how they might contribute to both research and practice. Aesthetics is a term often used in evolutionary art, but is regularly used with conflicting or näıve understandings. A selective history of evolutionary art as art is provided, with an examination of some art theories f...

This paper introduces new techniques and tools to draw, manipulate and animate stylised brush strokes in computer assisted animation production. We focus on eliminating the time-consuming and tedious process of drawing and managing the numerous brushes that are painted on top of each other, and on avoiding temporal aliasing artifacts such as brushes popping up in successive frames. Moreover, we...

As an artist and a non-mathematician I will address the concepts of the fourth-dimension and how it was represented in art. I will present several examples of how the concept of a higher level of reality was understood and interpreted by artists. The phrase “four-dimensional space” has several distinct connections to mathematics, physical science and philosophy. Dimensional representation of sp...

ew system of secondary education has been incepted in 1992, consisting of three study branches of theoretical, technical/ vocational, and kardanesh. regarding the founding philosophy of kardanesh branch, i.e. provision of skilled manpower proportionate with labor market need and also training skilled, semi-skilled and master workforce, art students may receive kardanesh high school diploma prov...