Abstract In recent decades, many open pit (OP) mines have either already made the decision or are at planning stage to change their mining activity from OP underground (UG) remain competitive. Technically, before ends its operation, both and UG will be operated simultaneously for a certain period of time. It is well known that operation causes subsidence, discontinuous deformations, changes in ...

In open-pit mining operations, there are several levels of planning, each of which passes down restrictions to the level below. Each planning task is to determine the order in which material should be mined and how it should be processed, such that blending and utilisation targets are met. The mining operations are subject to various constraints on equipment use, maintenance and other resources...

LKAB’s Kiruna Mine is located above the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden, and produces about 24 million tons of iron ore per year, making it is the second largest underground mine in the world today. The orebody, a world-class high-grade magnetite deposit, is approximately 4 km long and 80 m wide on average, and lies roughly in the north-south direction, with a dip of some 60 degrees. Surface m...