The instability of in vitro cultures may cause genetic and epigenetic changes crops called somaclonal variations. Sometimes, these produce beneficial effects; for example, they can be used breeding programs to generate new cultivars with desirable characteristics. In this article, we present a systematic review designed answer the following question: How does variation contribute plant improvem...

Plants produce an array of specialized metabolites, including chemicals that are important as medicines, flavors, fragrances, pigments and insecticides. The vast majority of this metabolic diversity is untapped. Here we take a systematic approach toward dissecting genetic components of plant specialized metabolism. Focusing on the terpenes, the largest class of plant natural products, we invest...

Abstract Over the last fifty years, most of the semi-arid rangeland in Iran has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. This shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. The present study has been conducted in Sisab Research Station in the North Khorasan Province to evaluate effects of long-term grazing exclosures on biodiversity of ra...

background: the presence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment is a serious threat to human health and requires continuous monitoring. therefore, in the present systematic review, the residual amount of different organochlorine pesticides in human samples has been investigated.   methods: all accessible databases in english and farsi were searched by using organochlorine and related p...

background :research in medical education has been paid more attention than before however the quality of research reporting has not been comprehensively appraised.to evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of iranian published medical education articles.   methods: articles describing medical students, residents, fellows or program evaluation were included. articles related to contin...