one of the major criticisms leveled at task-based language teaching (tblt), despite its countless merits, is developing fluency at the cost of accuracy. the post-task stage affords a number of options to counteract this downside through task repetition and task recycling. these two options are considered to positively affect learners' oral performance in terms of fluency, accuracy, and complexi...

The chapters in this section explore professional noticing in contexts that include both middle and high school preand in-service teachers. The authors employ different theoretical and conceptual frameworks, and examine the professional noticing activities of their participants using different research methodologies. To try to tie together these different intellectual contributions, we present ...

The possibility of automatic analogies is still debated. While people can perform analogies unintentionally and unconsciously in some complex structures like interpretation of ambiguous stories, yet, they seem not to benefit from relational similarity between simple structures in a lexical decision task (LDT). Moreover, automaticity supporting studies have used lack of analogy-orienting instruc...

Abstract Despite the consumption of bee brood in several parts world, particularly tropical areas, practice has received comparatively little attention. We have reviewed all available information on nutrient composition and functional properties different developmental stages honey workers belonging to species subspecies. Noticing competent of, particular, brood, pupae, prepupae, we suggest tha...

High-similarity concept pairs that elicit many commonalities also elicit many related differences (Gentner & Markman, 1994; A. B. Markman & Gentner, 1993a, 1993b, 1996; A. B. Markman & Wisniewski, 1997). This finding has been used to support the claim that the comparison process is one of structural alignment. However, it is possible that the difference advantage results from some other propert...

Building computational models is powerful in enabling sense making of mechanisms underlying phenomena. However, an important step towards building such understandings is noticing relevant patterns in the phenomena. In this paper, we examine student noticing in the context of a model-building activity in the EvoBuild project. EvoBuild is a construction toolkit designed for middle school students...

Understanding teacher cognition – and in particular teacher noticing poses significant challenges to researchers because of the ongoing nature of teaching. To overcome those challenges learning science researchers have used a variety of methods to help them understand how teachers reason and make decisions while teaching. In this symposium we describe a new digital technology that allows teache...