Degree of recovery after traumatic brain injury is highly variable that lasts for many weeks to months. The evidence of brain structures involved in recovery mechanisms is limited. This review highlights evidence of the brain structure particularly thalamus in neuroplasticity mechanism. Thalamus with its complex global networking has potential role in refining the cortical and other brain struc...

LAY SUMMARY Creative arts therapists (art therapists, dance/movement and music therapists) administer assessments interventions that support the holistic well-being of military families affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Through participation in Forces: United States National Endowment for Arts Military Healing Network, discovered strengths, inspired ...

Depression is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is a source of substantial distress and disability for persons with TBI and their families. This article offers a practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of this condition. Diagnostic and etiologic considerations relevant to this issue are reviewed first. Next, somatic therapies for posttraumatic depression, incl...

Epidemiological data support a link between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and seizures. TBI accounts for approximately 16 % of acute symptomatic seizures which usually occur in the first week after trauma. Children are at higher risk for posttraumatic seizures than adults and experience greater morbidity and mortality from cerebral edema (CE). CE is responsible for half of the mortality associat...

Posttraumatic seizures (PTS) have been recognized as a major complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The annual incidence of TBI in the United States is 1.7 million. The role of anticonvulsants in the treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) remains uncertain. Based on current studies, however, anticonvulsants have been shown to reduce early PTS occurring within the first 7 days, but lit...

Epileptic activity often occurs in the cortex after a latent period after head trauma; this delay has been attributed to the destabilizing influence of homeostatic synaptic scaling and changes in intrinsic properties. However, the impact of the spatial organization of cortical trauma on epileptogenesis is poorly understood. We addressed this question by analyzing the dynamics of a large-scale b...

posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a disorder of emotional and mental stress occurring as an outcome of injury or severe emotional shock. several neuroimaging studies in humans have shown the functions and relationship between the anatomical changes of brain and ptsd. the three major areas of the brain are affected by ptsd .these three areas are the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cor...