Human carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which epithelial cells progress through a series of premalignant phenotypes until an invasive cancer emerges. Extensive experimental observations in carcinogenesis have demonstrated this process can be divided into three general eras: initiation, promotion, and progression. However, this empirically derived, tissue-level explanation of carcinogenes...

•This case report documents the in vivo process of malignant transformation in a patient with Cowden syndrome.•PTEN-driven oncogenesis may proceed through a stage of pre-invasive intra-epithelial neoplasm.•Our findings have important implications for preventive care and for pathologic sampling at the time of prophylactic surgery.

Objective. Non-neoplastic and neoplastic mucosal lesions from orophayngolaryngeal region constitute a major health problem in developing countries. Carcinoma of this region is the commonest neoplasm in male in our country. The study was aimed at testing for the accuracy of cytological diagnosis as well as morphometry analysis and compared with histopathology in order to see whether the correlat...

Objective: To investigate clinical experience with the apparent malignant transformation of benign liver cell adenomas. Design: Retrospective review of personal experience and literature. Setting: University hospital and affiliated community hospitals. Patients: All patients diagnosed with liver cell adenomas over a 30-year period. Interventions: Liver resection and/or tumor biopsy. Main Outcom...

There is a 10% shortfall in the number of proximal colorectal cancer cases detected by the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme and the actual number of UK-registered proximal colorectal cancers. Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/P) are common premalignant lesions in the proximal colon and are notoriously difficult to spot endoscopically. Missed or dismissed SSA/Ps might contribute to this U...

OBJECTIVE Oral leukoplakia is an oral lesion with a premalignant character. Besides smoking and alcohol, diabetes could be a risk factor. The aim is to search for such an association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with leukoplakia (N = 123) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were matched 1:2 for age and sex with unaffected control subjects. Behavioral and lif...

A retrospective study was conducted to examine the pattern of a disturbing increase in abnormal cervical smears in one health district. Past records over fifteen years (1965-79) were analysed to produce pick up rates according to age, screening state, severity of lesion, and area of residence. Main findings included an increased pick up rate in unscreened (5.8 to 12.9/1000 smears) and screened ...

Verruciform xanthoma is a benign, soft tissue lesion occurring on the orogenital mucosa. Presentation of oral lesions can be pink, yellow, or gray raised plaque or papule with granular, papillary, or verrucous in nature. There are many theories proposed for the etiopathogenesis of verruciform xanthoma. Clinical observations may be misguiding as the lesion resembles malignant and premalignant le...

Introduction Preventive vaccination against infectious diseases is considered one of the most successful health measures of all time. Therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as persistent infections and cancer has proven much more challenging, because the vaccine intervention must combat an immune system that has been restrained by tolerizing or polarizing mechanisms that sust...

PURPOSE With extended life expectancy, the mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis of colorectal cancer and its treatment, including radical resection, is increasing gradually. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age on postoperative clinical outcomes after a laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancers. METHODS This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Patients wit...