A Monte Carlo simulation of primary protons and alpha particles interacting with the atmosphere has been performed using the GEANT4 code. Measured particle fluxes were used as input to the simulation. The simulated terrestrial cosmic ray flux was found to agree within a factor of two with the measured neutron flux over the energy range from 1 to 10,000 MeV and with the measured muon flux in the...

A first-ever 2-dimensional celestial map of primary cosmic-ray flux was obtained from 2.10×10 cosmic-ray muons accumulated in 1662.0 days of SuperKamiokande. The celestial map indicates an (0.104 ± 0.020)% excess region in the constellation of Taurus and a −(0.094 ± 0.014)% deficit region toward Virgo. Interpretations of this anisotropy are discussed. ∗ Talk at “Les Rencontres de Physique de la...

A precise measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1 GV to 1.8 TV is presented based on 300 million events. Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the proton flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. We present the detailed variation with rigidity of the flux spectral index for the first time. ...

Abstract Heart patients displays several symptoms and it is hard to point them. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides a comparative efficiency degree for each decision-making units (DMUs) with several inputs and outputs. Evaluating of hospitals is one of the major applications in DEA. In this study, a comparison of additive model with standard input oriented and output oriented M...

Knowledge of the precise rigidity dependence of the helium flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. A precise measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1.9 GV to 3 TV based on 50 million events is presented and compared to the proton flux. The detailed variation with rigidity of the helium flux ...