A 3D cationic Zn(II) framework, based on Zn2(CO2)4 paddle-wheel secondary building units (SBUs) and Zn16(CO2)32 polyhedral supramolecular building blocks (SBBs), has been synthesized. At room temperature, the framework undergoes guest solvent triggered reversible structural transformation and concomitant Zn(II) to Cu(II) transmetalation in a single-crystal to single-crystal fashion.

The co-extraction phenomenon was found in a typical chelate extraction system, in which the extraction of lanthanoid ion (Ln3+) with acetylacetone (Hacac) was highly enhanced by various metal ions (M(n+)) such as Cu2+, Al3+, and Zr4+. This phenomenon was ascribed to the formation of the 1:1 adduct between Ln(acac)3 and the M(acac),, extracted into the organic phase. The co-extraction occurred m...

In this study, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is utilized to extract interpretable and compact fuzzy rule bases for modeling nonlinear Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) systems. In the process of non- linear system identi cation, structure selection, parameter estimation, model performance and model validation are important objectives. Furthermore, se- curing low-level and high-level ...

The basic components of any speciication language include: constructs for specifying the properties of individual program components such as types and functions; structuring mechanisms for building large speciications in a modular fashion; a description of the semantics of the language; mechanisms for performing proofs of properties of speciications; a notion of reenement of speciications; and ...

Green world: The presence of decaying trees in primeval and unmanaged woodlands is an important factor in supporting biodiversity. (Photo: Ralf Lotys/Wikipedia.) After the end of the last glacial period around 11,700 years ago, forests took over most of Europe, replacing the tundra and steppe and reconquering the land that had been covered by glaciers. Over the last three millennia, Europeans h...

Botulism has long been known but was fi rst described in the 19th century as a rapidly progressing and fatal paralysis following ingestion of blood sausage. It is most notoriously associated with the early days of the food canning industry in the beginning of the 20th century when many outbreaks occurred particularly in the USA. Food-borne botulism remains to this day a cause of regular outbrea...