Bioelectrochemical system (BES) for recalcitrant p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal was investigated in this study. Effective removal of PNP at rates up to 9.14 ± 0.48 mol m(-3)d(-1) was achieved at an energy consumption as low as 0.010 ± 0.002 kWh mol(-1) PNP. PNP removal rate was enhanced with negative cathode potential, increased influent PNP concentration and shortened hydraulic retention time (HR...

Occult intra-articular hip pathology is commonly found in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome, and may be a possible pain generator in patients with recalcitrant lateral hip pain. We investigated the effect of intra-articular hip injections in patients with recalcitrant lateral hip pain. Between September 2012 and May 2013, patients over the age of 18 with a history lateral hip pai...

ElevatedCO2may increasenutrient availability in the rhizospherebystimulatingNrelease fromrecalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) pools through enhanced rhizodeposition. We aimed to elucidate how CO2induced increases in rhizodeposition affect N release from recalcitrant SOM, and howwild versus cultivated genotypes of wheat mediated differential responses in soil N cycling under elevated CO2. To q...

BACKGROUND Intramuscular human immunoglobulin (HIG) may provide a therapeutic option as an independent or combined treatment for recalcitrant suppurative skin diseases such as hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis decalvans, or chronic recurrent furunculosis or folliculitis. OBJECTIVES To define the efficacy and safety of intramuscular HIG for chronic and recalcitrant suppurative skin diseas...

Mapping the location of bound cellulase enzymes provides information on the micro-scale distribution of amenable and recalcitrant sites in pretreated woody biomass for biofuel applications. The interaction of a fluorescently labelled cellulase enzyme cocktail with steam-exploded pine (SEW) was quantified using confocal microscopy. The spatial distribution of Dylight labelled cellulase was quant...

The viability of recalcitrant seeds is lost following stress from either drying or freezing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from uncontrolled metabolic activity are likely responsible for seed sensitivity to drying. Nitric oxide (NO) and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle can be used for the detoxification of ROS, but their roles in the seed response to desiccation remain poorly understoo...

Sir, Dermatomyositis (DM) is an auto-immune disease that primarily affects muscles and skin. Muscle weakness appears in the shoulders and hips in particular. Skin symptoms include a diffuse violaceous erythema and oedema, predominantly of the upper face including the orbita, and violaceous-red papules of the finger (Gottron papules). The pathogenesis of DM is unclear, but recent studies suggest...

IL: interleukin RAS: recurrent aphthous stomatitis OBSERVATION Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common cause of recurrent oral ulcers, which often leads to significant impairment of a patient’s quality of life. The underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and no treatment modality is uniformly effective. In this report, we describe the use of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesteras...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. Various categories of therapeutic medications are used for treating AD. Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that binds to IgE molecules at the high-affinity receptor (FcepsilonRI) binding site. Therefore, omalizumab can be used as a potential new systemic treatment agent for recalcitrant AD patients with elevated IgE l...

We present the case of a healthy 76-year-old man with a whitish, hyperkeratotic lesion of the lower lip diagnosed as actinic cheilitis (AC) previously treated with classic red light photodynamic therapy 5 years ago. Initial treatment with 5% imiquimod cream - also with intensified application - failed. After 2 cycles thrice daily, consecutive applications of 150 μg/g ingenol mebutate gel at 3 w...