Over the long term, soil carbon (C) storage is partly determined by decomposition rate of carbon that is slow to decompose (i.e., recalcitrant C). According to thermodynamic theory, decomposition rates of recalcitrant C might differ from those of non-recalcitrant C in their sensitivities to global warming. We decomposed leaf litter in a warming experiment in Alaskan boreal forest, and measured ...

Background: An effective treatment for the elbow recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis is arthroscopic surgery. This studyevaluated the midterm results of treating recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis with arthroscopic surgery.Methods: A total of 40 subjects with recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis prepared for arthroscopic surgery on their elbowsparticipated in this study. The elbo...

background: in recent years, proficient treatment of wastewaters containing recalcitrant and toxic compounds such as phenol has been a challenge. this study introduced and evaluated an efficient option for treating such wastewater . methods: this experimental study was performed on phenol removal as a recalcitrant and toxic compound in aqueous solutions in 2011. the pumice stone was collected f...

We demonstrate that thermocapillary forces may drive bubbles against liquid flow in 'anomalous' mixtures. Unlike 'ordinary' liquids, in which bubbles migrate towards higher temperatures, we have observed vapour bubbles migrating towards lower temperatures, therefore against the flow. This unusual behaviour may be explained by the temperature dependence of surface tension of these binary mixture...