BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Parental refusal and delay of childhood vaccines has increased in recent years and is believed to cluster in some communities. Such clusters could pose public health risks and barriers to achieving immunization quality benchmarks. Our aims were to (1) describe geographic clusters of underimmunization and vaccine refusal, (2) compare clusters of underimmunization with di...

BACKGROUND Refusal of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) is a difficulty faced by the Polio Eradication Initiative (PEI) in multiple endemic areas, including the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPP), Pakistan. In 2007, we investigated community perceptions of the OPV and estimated the prevalence of OPV refusal in three districts in Swat Valley, KPP, a polio-endemic area. METHODS Qualitative data conce...

BACKGROUND Patients who refuse therapy against medical advice may be at risk of adverse health outcomes. We analyzed the impact of therapy refusal and its effect on the survival of retinoblastoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 165 consecutive untreated retinoblastoma patients admitted to the CM-Hospital, between 1993-2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Survival outcomes and its association w...

Objective: To infer the role of multifunctionality in milpa systems Mixteca Alta region Oaxaca, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodological framework Multifunctionality Index Agricultural Production Systems (IMSPA) was used, applying semi-structured interviews to producers. Results: level each evaluated determined and Milpa Intercropped with Fruit Trees (MIAF) showed greatest potent...

Case management interventions for suicide attempters aimed at helping adjust their social life to prevent reattempts have high nonparticipation and dropout rates. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the group who refused to participate in the suicide prevention program in Korea. A total of 489 patients with a suicide attempt who visited Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic Univer...

The purpose of the study was to examine how teacher motivational practice might influence Iranian EFL Learners’ Request and Refusal Speech Acts Production. To this end, five instruments were used to provide appropriate responses to research questions: (a) Quick Placement Test (b) the Motivational Orientation of Language Teaching classroom observation scheme, (c) the Post-Lesson Teacher Evaluati...

the present study, on the one hand, attempted to investigate the strategies applied in dispreferred responses by iranian university students of english and the extent to which pragmatic transfer could occur.  on the other hand, the study aimed to probe into the association between dispreferred organization and turn-shape. to this end, 31 relevant naturally occurring conversations, totaling 120 ...