Claude Bernard is considered by many to be the father of modern physiology and medicine. In his 1865 book, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, Bernard introduced the scientific method to the field of medicine and thereby initiated the concept of evidenced-based medicine. In this approach, physiological research focuses on finding solutions for clinical problems through hypoth...

Genetic studies into rare inborn errors of renal tubular sodium handling in man have brought many interesting, sometimes surprising insights into how we can maintain our bodies' electrolytes and fluids homeostasis. The cloning and identification of sodium transporting genes and proteins like NHE3, NKCC2, ROMK, CLCNKB, NCC, and EnaC has considerably improved our understanding of renal salt handl...