Most of the original research was reported in Chinese, but access in English to most of this material is possible by reference to the proceedings of international conferences of qigong. Since 1986, ten such proceedings contain about 840 abstracts of talks given at the conferences, more than half of which are in English. These abstracts, along with about 160 abstracts of articles in the scientif...

It is now generally accepted that academic writing is a social activity by which the authors negotiate with their audience to gain community acceptance for their findings. One of the ways to achieve such an acceptance is by establishing intertextual links to prior research using citation. Despite a vast research on the topic and suggestion of typologies for the form and function of citation in ...

The use of appropriate rhetorical moves (RMs) and meta-discourse markers (MMs) improve the argumentative persuasive force academic texts, such as essays, thesis, seminar papers, articles. However, authors from a different language background level expertise may RMs MMs when writing in foreign language. This study is aimed at describing how Indonesian Applied Linguistics their research article a...

The number one problem with abstracts is too much approach, not enough arrival. Sometimes abstracts are so generically written that they do not pique the reviewers’ interest at all. Many read like this: “Topic A is increasingly important in the global marketplace. Drawing upon the literatures in B, C, D, and E, we present a general framework for understanding A. Data were collected from a wide ...

The abstract is a crucial component of a research article. Abstracts head the text—and sometimes they can appear alone in separate listings (e.g., conference proceedings). The purpose of the abstract is to inform the reader succinctly what the paper is about, why and how the research was carried out, and what conclusions might be drawn. In this paper we consider the same (or a similar) abstract...

The present corpus-based lexical study reports the development of a Pharmacy Academic Word List (PAWL); a list of the most frequent words from a corpus of 3,458,445 tokens made up of 800 most recent pharmacy texts including research articles, review articles, and short communications in four sub-disciplines of pharmacy. WordSmith (Scott, 2017) and AntWordProfiler (Anthony, 2014) were used to sc...

Article Audience: People searching in the library. People doing similar research read and sometimes cite the paper. Audience: People reading abstract collections. Graduate students may be required to read the paper in survey courses. Audience: All article readers. Only a few practitioners read the whole paper. Audience: Almost all readers only read the abstract (anecdotal estimate 95%). Relativ...